Axial coding results
| Thematic domain | Category | Subcategory | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|
| User-related conditions | User characteristics | Physical traits | Age-related changes in health and physical ability affecting mobility and digital use |
| Personality attributes | Educational attainment and traits such as self-reliance and openness | ||
| Cognitive ability | Capacity to learn and retain digital skills, including memory, receptivity and learning ability | ||
| Service demand | No demand, limited demand | Expressed needs and motivations for tourism services | |
| Self-efficacy | Self-efficacy | Perceived confidence in one’s ability to use smart tourism service | |
| Technological conditions | Digital distance | Technology acceptance, exposure frequency | Perceived cognitive, emotional and behavioral closeness or separation between users and digital technologies |
| Technology use barriers | Sensory-interface, procedural, cognitive, functional, device literacy barriers | Operational barriers because of older adults’ limited digital skills in using smart tourism services | |
| Technology-related risk | Psychological, performance, financial, privacy risk | Perceived risk related to using digital services | |
| System functionality | Usefulness, ease of use, reliability | Functional and usability characteristics of smart tourism services | |
| Tourism-specific conditions | Tourism-contextual constraints | Travel constraints | Physical travel constraints, family concerns on travel |
| Infrastructure limitations | Physical and digital barrier, such as poor transport, weak connectivity and age-unfriendly design | ||
| Embedded social mechanisms | Social support | Informational support | Guidance and explanations received from others |
| Technical support | Direct assistance with technology from family or staff | ||
| Emotional support | Encouragement or reassurance offered by social contacts | ||
| Proxy support | Having others operate services on behalf of older adults | ||
| Social norms | Demonstrative norms | Observing widespread use of digital tools by peers or society | |
| Social pressure | Feeling obliged to conform to prevailing digital practices | ||
| Conventional cognition | Age-based stereotypes, beliefs that technology is for young people | ||
| Personal norms | Perceived necessity and feasibility of smart tourism use | ||
| Economic incentives | Price discounts, cost saving | Perception of financial advantage or affordability as a motivation | |
| Adaptive outcome | Usage behavior | Active, limited, non-use | Typologies of smart tourism engagement |
| Feedback mechanism | Usage Experience | Experience satisfaction | Overall emotional and evaluative response to use |
| Thematic domain | Category | Subcategory | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|
| User-related conditions | User characteristics | Physical traits | Age-related changes in health and physical ability affecting mobility and digital use |
| Personality attributes | Educational attainment and traits such as self-reliance and openness | ||
| Cognitive ability | Capacity to learn and retain digital skills, including memory, receptivity and learning ability | ||
| Service demand | No demand, limited demand | Expressed needs and motivations for tourism services | |
| Self-efficacy | Self-efficacy | Perceived confidence in one’s ability to use smart tourism service | |
| Technological conditions | Digital distance | Technology acceptance, exposure frequency | Perceived cognitive, emotional and behavioral closeness or separation between users and digital technologies |
| Technology use barriers | Sensory-interface, procedural, cognitive, functional, device literacy barriers | Operational barriers because of older adults’ limited digital skills in using smart tourism services | |
| Technology-related risk | Psychological, performance, financial, privacy risk | Perceived risk related to using digital services | |
| System functionality | Usefulness, ease of use, reliability | Functional and usability characteristics of smart tourism services | |
| Tourism-specific conditions | Tourism-contextual constraints | Travel constraints | Physical travel constraints, family concerns on travel |
| Infrastructure limitations | Physical and digital barrier, such as poor transport, weak connectivity and age-unfriendly design | ||
| Embedded social mechanisms | Social support | Informational support | Guidance and explanations received from others |
| Technical support | Direct assistance with technology from family or staff | ||
| Emotional support | Encouragement or reassurance offered by social contacts | ||
| Proxy support | Having others operate services on behalf of older adults | ||
| Social norms | Demonstrative norms | Observing widespread use of digital tools by peers or society | |
| Social pressure | Feeling obliged to conform to prevailing digital practices | ||
| Conventional cognition | Age-based stereotypes, beliefs that technology is for young people | ||
| Personal norms | Perceived necessity and feasibility of smart tourism use | ||
| Economic incentives | Price discounts, cost saving | Perception of financial advantage or affordability as a motivation | |
| Adaptive outcome | Usage behavior | Active, limited, non-use | Typologies of smart tourism engagement |
| Feedback mechanism | Usage Experience | Experience satisfaction | Overall emotional and evaluative response to use |
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