Outer loadings of the PLS SEM measurement model
| Latent variable | Manifest variable | Loading | 95% lower | 95% upper | T-stat. | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optimism | O1 | 0.82 | 0.68 | 0.9 | 13.71 | <0.001 |
| Optimism | O2 | 0.86 | 0.79 | 0.91 | 28.74 | <0.001 |
| Optimism | O3 | 0.82 | 0.74 | 0.88 | 24.43 | <0.001 |
| Optimism | O4 | 0.79 | 0.71 | 0.85 | 22.49 | <0.001 |
| Proficiency | P1 | 0.71 | 0.58 | 0.82 | 12.23 | <0.001 |
| Proficiency | P2 | 0.8 | 0.71 | 0.87 | 19.93 | <0.001 |
| Proficiency | P3 | 0.78 | 0.68 | 0.86 | 16.97 | <0.001 |
| Proficiency | P4 | 0.76 | 0.64 | 0.84 | 14.91 | <0.001 |
| Dependence | D1(reversed) | 0.89 | 0.85 | 0.92 | 46.37 | <0.001 |
| Dependence | D2(reversed) | 0.81 | 0.64 | 0.89 | 12.64 | <0.001 |
| Dependence | D3(reversed) | 0.86 | 0.78 | 0.92 | 23.68 | <0.001 |
| Vulnerability | Vul1(reversed) | 0.71 | 0.34 | 0.85 | 5.18 | <0.001 |
| Vulnerability | Vul2(reversed) | 0.78 | 0.62 | 0.86 | 12.08 | <0.001 |
| Vulnerability | Vul3(reversed) | 0.72 | 0.49 | 0.84 | 7.69 | <0.001 |
| Performance expectancy | PE1 | 0.87 | 0.8 | 0.92 | 25.39 | <0.001 |
| Performance expectancy | PE2 | 0.87 | 0.8 | 0.92 | 28.6 | <0.001 |
| Performance expectancy | PE3 | 0.91 | 0.87 | 0.95 | 45.87 | <0.001 |
| Performance expectancy | PE4 | 0.87 | 0.81 | 0.92 | 30.97 | <0.001 |
| Performance expectancy | PE5 | 0.9 | 0.86 | 0.94 | 45.91 | <0.001 |
| Effort expectancy | EE1 | 0.83 | 0.76 | 0.88 | 29.41 | <0.001 |
| Effort expectancy | EE2(reversed) | 0.45 | 0.19 | 0.65 | 3.88 | <0.001 |
| Effort expectancy | EE3 | 0.82 | 0.75 | 0.88 | 25.25 | <0.001 |
| Effort expectancy | EE4 | 0.69 | 0.52 | 0.81 | 9.08 | <0.001 |
| Effort expectancy | EE5 | 0.84 | 0.77 | 0.9 | 23.86 | <0.001 |
| Effort expectancy | EE6 | 0.87 | 0.82 | 0.91 | 37.12 | <0.001 |
| Social influence | SI1 | 0.87 | 0.82 | 0.91 | 35.5 | <0.001 |
| Social influence | SI2 | 0.77 | 0.52 | 0.88 | 8.19 | <0.001 |
| Social influence | SI3 | 0.36 | 0.04 | 0.59 | 2.5 | 0.013 |
| Social influence | SI4 | 0.72 | 0.54 | 0.84 | 8.97 | <0.001 |
| Facilitating conditions | FC1 | 0.64 | 0.4 | 0.79 | 6.5 | <0.001 |
| Facilitating conditions | FC2 | 0.68 | 0.47 | 0.8 | 7.84 | <0.001 |
| Facilitating conditions | FC3 | 0.81 | 0.77 | 0.86 | 33.77 | <0.001 |
| Facilitating conditions | FC4 | 0.61 | 0.48 | 0.71 | 10.01 | <0.001 |
| Facilitating conditions | FC5 | 0.63 | 0.4 | 0.78 | 6.56 | <0.001 |
| Facilitating conditions | FC6 | 0.65 | 0.46 | 0.77 | 8.09 | <0.001 |
| Hedonic motivation | HM1 | 0.95 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 70.92 | <0.001 |
| Hedonic motivation | HM2 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.97 | 66.73 | <0.001 |
| Hedonic motivation | HM3 | 0.95 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 64.17 | <0.001 |
| Attitude towards e-coaching chatbot | AC1 | 0.92 | 0.89 | 0.94 | 60.93 | <0.001 |
| Attitude towards e-coaching chatbot | AC2 | 0.88 | 0.82 | 0.93 | 32.83 | <0.001 |
| Attitude towards e-coaching chatbot | AC3 | 0.92 | 0.89 | 0.94 | 61.19 | <0.001 |
| Attitude towards e-coaching chatbot | AC4 | 0.9 | 0.85 | 0.93 | 43.21 | <0.001 |
| Attitude towards e-coaching chatbot | AC5(reversed) | 0.55 | 0.33 | 0.7 | 5.78 | <0.001 |
| Behavioural intent | BI1 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.96 | 72.31 | <0.001 |
| Behavioural intent | BI2 | 0.92 | 0.89 | 0.95 | 52.77 | <0.001 |
| Behavioural intent | BI3 | 0.9 | 0.85 | 0.93 | 45.87 | <0.001 |
| Behavioural intent | BI4 | 0.85 | 0.78 | 0.91 | 24.85 | <0.001 |
| Latent variable | Manifest variable | Loading | 95% lower | 95% upper | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optimism | O1 | 0.82 | 0.68 | 0.9 | 13.71 | <0.001 |
| Optimism | O2 | 0.86 | 0.79 | 0.91 | 28.74 | <0.001 |
| Optimism | O3 | 0.82 | 0.74 | 0.88 | 24.43 | <0.001 |
| Optimism | O4 | 0.79 | 0.71 | 0.85 | 22.49 | <0.001 |
| Proficiency | P1 | 0.71 | 0.58 | 0.82 | 12.23 | <0.001 |
| Proficiency | P2 | 0.8 | 0.71 | 0.87 | 19.93 | <0.001 |
| Proficiency | P3 | 0.78 | 0.68 | 0.86 | 16.97 | <0.001 |
| Proficiency | P4 | 0.76 | 0.64 | 0.84 | 14.91 | <0.001 |
| Dependence | D1(reversed) | 0.89 | 0.85 | 0.92 | 46.37 | <0.001 |
| Dependence | D2(reversed) | 0.81 | 0.64 | 0.89 | 12.64 | <0.001 |
| Dependence | D3(reversed) | 0.86 | 0.78 | 0.92 | 23.68 | <0.001 |
| Vulnerability | Vul1(reversed) | 0.71 | 0.34 | 0.85 | 5.18 | <0.001 |
| Vulnerability | Vul2(reversed) | 0.78 | 0.62 | 0.86 | 12.08 | <0.001 |
| Vulnerability | Vul3(reversed) | 0.72 | 0.49 | 0.84 | 7.69 | <0.001 |
| Performance expectancy | PE1 | 0.87 | 0.8 | 0.92 | 25.39 | <0.001 |
| Performance expectancy | PE2 | 0.87 | 0.8 | 0.92 | 28.6 | <0.001 |
| Performance expectancy | PE3 | 0.91 | 0.87 | 0.95 | 45.87 | <0.001 |
| Performance expectancy | PE4 | 0.87 | 0.81 | 0.92 | 30.97 | <0.001 |
| Performance expectancy | PE5 | 0.9 | 0.86 | 0.94 | 45.91 | <0.001 |
| Effort expectancy | EE1 | 0.83 | 0.76 | 0.88 | 29.41 | <0.001 |
| Effort expectancy | EE2(reversed) | 0.45 | 0.19 | 0.65 | 3.88 | <0.001 |
| Effort expectancy | EE3 | 0.82 | 0.75 | 0.88 | 25.25 | <0.001 |
| Effort expectancy | EE4 | 0.69 | 0.52 | 0.81 | 9.08 | <0.001 |
| Effort expectancy | EE5 | 0.84 | 0.77 | 0.9 | 23.86 | <0.001 |
| Effort expectancy | EE6 | 0.87 | 0.82 | 0.91 | 37.12 | <0.001 |
| Social influence | SI1 | 0.87 | 0.82 | 0.91 | 35.5 | <0.001 |
| Social influence | SI2 | 0.77 | 0.52 | 0.88 | 8.19 | <0.001 |
| Social influence | SI3 | 0.36 | 0.04 | 0.59 | 2.5 | 0.013 |
| Social influence | SI4 | 0.72 | 0.54 | 0.84 | 8.97 | <0.001 |
| Facilitating conditions | FC1 | 0.64 | 0.4 | 0.79 | 6.5 | <0.001 |
| Facilitating conditions | FC2 | 0.68 | 0.47 | 0.8 | 7.84 | <0.001 |
| Facilitating conditions | FC3 | 0.81 | 0.77 | 0.86 | 33.77 | <0.001 |
| Facilitating conditions | FC4 | 0.61 | 0.48 | 0.71 | 10.01 | <0.001 |
| Facilitating conditions | FC5 | 0.63 | 0.4 | 0.78 | 6.56 | <0.001 |
| Facilitating conditions | FC6 | 0.65 | 0.46 | 0.77 | 8.09 | <0.001 |
| Hedonic motivation | HM1 | 0.95 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 70.92 | <0.001 |
| Hedonic motivation | HM2 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.97 | 66.73 | <0.001 |
| Hedonic motivation | HM3 | 0.95 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 64.17 | <0.001 |
| Attitude towards e-coaching chatbot | AC1 | 0.92 | 0.89 | 0.94 | 60.93 | <0.001 |
| Attitude towards e-coaching chatbot | AC2 | 0.88 | 0.82 | 0.93 | 32.83 | <0.001 |
| Attitude towards e-coaching chatbot | AC3 | 0.92 | 0.89 | 0.94 | 61.19 | <0.001 |
| Attitude towards e-coaching chatbot | AC4 | 0.9 | 0.85 | 0.93 | 43.21 | <0.001 |
| Attitude towards e-coaching chatbot | AC5(reversed) | 0.55 | 0.33 | 0.7 | 5.78 | <0.001 |
| Behavioural intent | BI1 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.96 | 72.31 | <0.001 |
| Behavioural intent | BI2 | 0.92 | 0.89 | 0.95 | 52.77 | <0.001 |
| Behavioural intent | BI3 | 0.9 | 0.85 | 0.93 | 45.87 | <0.001 |
| Behavioural intent | BI4 | 0.85 | 0.78 | 0.91 | 24.85 | <0.001 |
Source(s): Authors’ own work
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