Indirect relationships (bias-corrected percentile method)
| Indirect relationship | Unstandardized estimate | Bootstrap 95% CI’s | p-value | Standardized estimate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TL → CQ → EP | 0.04 | (0.01, 0.08) | 0.01 | 0.05 |
| SL → CQ → EP | 0.14 | (0.09, 0.22) | <0.01 | 0.15 |
| TL → CQ → IL | −0.02 | (−0.08, −0.01) | 0.05 | −0.02 |
| SL → CQ → IL | −0.09 | (−0.21, 0.01) | 0.07 | −0.07 |
| TL → OC → EP | 0.03 | (0.01, 0.06) | 0.01 | 0.04 |
| SL → OC → EP | 0.05 | (0.01, 0.11) | 0.02 | 0.05 |
| TL → OC → IL | −0.09 | (−0.18, −0.04) | <0.01 | −0.09 |
| SL → OC → IL | −0.16 | (−0.26, −0.09) | <0.01 | −0.12 |
| Indirect relationship | Unstandardized estimate | Bootstrap 95% | Standardized estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TL → CQ → EP | 0.04 | (0.01, 0.08) | 0.01 | 0.05 |
| SL → CQ → EP | 0.14 | (0.09, 0.22) | <0.01 | 0.15 |
| TL → CQ → IL | −0.02 | (−0.08, −0.01) | 0.05 | −0.02 |
| SL → CQ → IL | −0.09 | (−0.21, 0.01) | 0.07 | −0.07 |
| TL → OC → EP | 0.03 | (0.01, 0.06) | 0.01 | 0.04 |
| SL → OC → EP | 0.05 | (0.01, 0.11) | 0.02 | 0.05 |
| TL → OC → IL | −0.09 | (−0.18, −0.04) | <0.01 | −0.09 |
| SL → OC → IL | −0.16 | (−0.26, −0.09) | <0.01 | −0.12 |
Note(s): TL = transformational leadership, SL = shared leadership, CQ = communication quality, OC = organizational commitment, EP = employee performance and IL = intention to leave
Source(s): Authors’ own elaboration
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