Table 1

Document selection

LevelLevel of analysisData sourceDocuments examined
L1ProfessionalAACANSCA 2021
L2InstitutionalU1 and U2 websitesUniversity strategic plans and Graduate attributes
L3ProgramU1 and U2 websitesPublicly available program information and mission statements from the Schools of Architecture websites
L4CourseU1 and U2 websitesPublicly available studio outlines for all core architectural design studios in undergraduate and Master of Architecture design studios
Studios from related disciplines (e.g. Landscape Architecture, Interior Architecture) and Honours-level studios were excluded to ensure a comparable dataset
L5StudioSelected studios from 2024–2025 (S1U1, S2U1, S3U1, S4U2, S5U2)Studio briefs of 3 studios from U1 and 2 studios from U2
Source(s): Created by authors

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