Table 2 Alignment between the GSCD... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Alignment between the GSCD framework's dimensions and underlying theories

Proposition	Dimension	Focus	Key constructs	Theoretical background	Contribution to OSCM theory through IR integration
P1. Geopolitical disruptions to securitised supply chains can be mitigated by supply chain actors exercising their agency to proactively shape public discourse and government policy on the strategic importance and/or political sensitivity of the product/service provided	Causes	Why disruptions occur?	Securitisation, state intervention, national security framing	Constructivism, Realism	Extends OSCM theory by introducing the concept of securitisation as a driver of disruptions. Demonstrates that disruptions are not purely exogenous shocks but arise when states reframe economic activities as security concerns, linking competition for power in IR discourse with supply chain resilience
P2. The likelihood of supply chain disruptions caused by geopolitical events is positively associated with the degree of a supply chain's dependency on critical resources sourced from politically misaligned regions	Causes	Why disruptions occur?	Critical resources, political misalignment, resource dependence	Resource Dependence Theory (RDT), Realism, Geoeconomics	Extends RDT by embedding political alignment as a moderating factor. Shows that resource dependence cannot be assessed without considering political alignment and state power, bridging OSCM resource dependence theory with IR's concept of political misalignment
P3. The speed and extent of geopolitical disruption propagation in supply chains is positively associated with the level of state control over supply-chain nodes with high betweenness centrality (chokepoints)	Propagation	How disruptions spread?	Chokepoints, Betweenness Centrality, state control	Network Theory, Realism, Geoeconomics	Extends Network Theory by integrating state control as an additional network property. Positions state control as a determinant of disruption propagation and introduces IR's logic of strategic leverage into supply chain network analysis
P4. Geopolitical disruptions propagate via cascading failures in resource-dependent supply chain nodes and are strengthened when these resources originate from politically misaligned regions	Propagation	How disruptions spread?	Cascading failures, resource dependence, political misalignment	RDT, Network Theory, Complex Adaptive Systems, Realism	Extends Network Theory by showing how political misalignment amplifies cascading failures. Merges network propagation models with IR notions of inter-state rivalry to explain disruption magnitude
P5. Rivalry among nation-states, exhibited by state-level support for the development of supply chains for strategic industries, largely reflects underlying military competition among them. Consequently, the risk of geopolitical supply chain disruptions can be reduced by ensuring supply chain dependencies remain within a single geopolitical bloc, as opposed to spreading supply chain dependencies across rival blocs	Consequences	What SC design adaptations follow?	Rivalry among nation-states, supply chain concentration, alliance formation	Realism, RDT	Extends OSCM's theories view of resilience and mitigation by linking supply chains design to military rivalry. Demonstrates that supply chain design choices mirror security alliances, bridging firm strategy with IR theories on rivalry between nation-states
P6. Supply chains for strategic industries are characterised by higher exposure to geopolitical risks and thus are more likely to become regionalised through reshoring, nearshoring, or friendshoring, compared to supply chains for less geopolitically sensitive industries	Consequences	What SC design adaptations follow?	Strategic industries, geopolitical risk exposure, regionalisation (reshoring, nearshoring, friendshoring)	Realism, RDT, Geoeconomics	Extends OSCM theory by linking industry-specific geopolitical exposure to supply chain redesign. Bridges IR's understanding of strategic industries with OSCM's supply chain location choices

Proposition	Dimension	Focus	Key constructs	Theoretical background	Contribution to OSCM theory through IR integration
P1. Geopolitical disruptions to securitised supply chains can be mitigated by supply chain actors exercising their agency to proactively shape public discourse and government policy on the strategic importance and/or political sensitivity of the product/service provided	Causes	Why disruptions occur?	Securitisation, state intervention, national security framing	Constructivism, Realism	Extends OSCM theory by introducing the concept of securitisation as a driver of disruptions. Demonstrates that disruptions are not purely exogenous shocks but arise when states reframe economic activities as security concerns, linking competition for power in IR discourse with supply chain resilience
P2. The likelihood of supply chain disruptions caused by geopolitical events is positively associated with the degree of a supply chain's dependency on critical resources sourced from politically misaligned regions	Causes	Why disruptions occur?	Critical resources, political misalignment, resource dependence	Resource Dependence Theory (RDT), Realism, Geoeconomics	Extends RDT by embedding political alignment as a moderating factor. Shows that resource dependence cannot be assessed without considering political alignment and state power, bridging OSCM resource dependence theory with IR's concept of political misalignment
P3. The speed and extent of geopolitical disruption propagation in supply chains is positively associated with the level of state control over supply-chain nodes with high betweenness centrality (chokepoints)	Propagation	How disruptions spread?	Chokepoints, Betweenness Centrality, state control	Network Theory, Realism, Geoeconomics	Extends Network Theory by integrating state control as an additional network property. Positions state control as a determinant of disruption propagation and introduces IR's logic of strategic leverage into supply chain network analysis
P4. Geopolitical disruptions propagate via cascading failures in resource-dependent supply chain nodes and are strengthened when these resources originate from politically misaligned regions	Propagation	How disruptions spread?	Cascading failures, resource dependence, political misalignment	RDT, Network Theory, Complex Adaptive Systems, Realism	Extends Network Theory by showing how political misalignment amplifies cascading failures. Merges network propagation models with IR notions of inter-state rivalry to explain disruption magnitude
P5. Rivalry among nation-states, exhibited by state-level support for the development of supply chains for strategic industries, largely reflects underlying military competition among them. Consequently, the risk of geopolitical supply chain disruptions can be reduced by ensuring supply chain dependencies remain within a single geopolitical bloc, as opposed to spreading supply chain dependencies across rival blocs	Consequences	What SC design adaptations follow?	Rivalry among nation-states, supply chain concentration, alliance formation	Realism, RDT	Extends OSCM's theories view of resilience and mitigation by linking supply chains design to military rivalry. Demonstrates that supply chain design choices mirror security alliances, bridging firm strategy with IR theories on rivalry between nation-states
P6. Supply chains for strategic industries are characterised by higher exposure to geopolitical risks and thus are more likely to become regionalised through reshoring, nearshoring, or friendshoring, compared to supply chains for less geopolitically sensitive industries	Consequences	What SC design adaptations follow?	Strategic industries, geopolitical risk exposure, regionalisation (reshoring, nearshoring, friendshoring)	Realism, RDT, Geoeconomics	Extends OSCM theory by linking industry-specific geopolitical exposure to supply chain redesign. Bridges IR's understanding of strategic industries with OSCM's supply chain location choices

Source(s): Authors’ own work