Application area distribution and research stream focus of publications (number of publications; percentages)
| Total sample | Lean + sustainability | Lean + environment | Lean + economic | Lean + social | Lean + environment and economic | Lean + environment and social | Lean + economic and social | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Application area | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % |
| Theoretical | 77 | 41.0 | 26 | 38.8 | 28 | 53.8 | 6 | 37.5 | 4 | 36.4 | 13 | 32.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Agri-food | 6 | 3.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 12.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 10.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Apparel/Textile | 5 | 2.7 | 2 | 3.0 | 2 | 3.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 9.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Automotive | 7 | 3.7 | 3 | 4.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 12.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 50.0 |
| Bottled drinking water | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Chemical | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Construction | 9 | 4.8 | 2 | 3.0 | 5 | 9.6 | 1 | 6.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Cookware manufacturing | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Cork | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Education | 3 | 1.9 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 50.0 |
| Electronics | 2 | 1.3 | 1 | 1.9 | 1 | 2.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Energy | 2 | 1.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| e-Waste recovery plant | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Foundry | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Furniture | 2 | 1.3 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Healthcare | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Iron and steel | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Mechanical | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Metal welding | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 10.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Metalworking | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Oil and gas | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Other manufacturing | 55 | 29.3 | 19 | 28.4 | 12 | 23.1 | 5 | 31.3 | 5 | 45.5 | 14 | 35.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Mining machinery and automobile industries | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Packaging | 2 | 1.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Pharmaceutical | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Plastic/petrochemical | 2 | 1.3 | 2 | 3.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Silicon carbide manufacturing | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 2.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Waste management | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Total | 188 | 100.0 | 67 | 100.0 | 52 | 100.0 | 16 | 100.0 | 11 | 100.0 | 40 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 100.0 |
| Total sample | Lean + sustainability | Lean + environment | Lean + economic | Lean + social | Lean + environment and economic | Lean + environment and social | Lean + economic and social | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Application area | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||
| Theoretical | 77 | 41.0 | 26 | 38.8 | 28 | 53.8 | 6 | 37.5 | 4 | 36.4 | 13 | 32.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Agri-food | 6 | 3.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 12.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 10.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Apparel/Textile | 5 | 2.7 | 2 | 3.0 | 2 | 3.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 9.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Automotive | 7 | 3.7 | 3 | 4.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 12.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 50.0 |
| Bottled drinking water | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Chemical | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Construction | 9 | 4.8 | 2 | 3.0 | 5 | 9.6 | 1 | 6.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Cookware manufacturing | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Cork | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Education | 3 | 1.9 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 50.0 |
| Electronics | 2 | 1.3 | 1 | 1.9 | 1 | 2.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Energy | 2 | 1.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| e-Waste recovery plant | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Foundry | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Furniture | 2 | 1.3 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Healthcare | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Iron and steel | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Mechanical | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Metal welding | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 10.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Metalworking | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Oil and gas | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Other manufacturing | 55 | 29.3 | 19 | 28.4 | 12 | 23.1 | 5 | 31.3 | 5 | 45.5 | 14 | 35.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Mining machinery and automobile industries | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Packaging | 2 | 1.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Pharmaceutical | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Plastic/petrochemical | 2 | 1.3 | 2 | 3.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Silicon carbide manufacturing | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 2.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Waste management | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Total | 188 | 100.0 | 67 | 100.0 | 52 | 100.0 | 16 | 100.0 | 11 | 100.0 | 40 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 100.0 |
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