I4.0 Capabilities toward sustainable performance
| Category | Index | Capability | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leading and deciding | I1 | Strategic management commitment | (Caiado et al., 2024; Chaka, 2020; Hecklau et al., 2016; Pinzone et al., 2023) |
| I2 | Leadership and autonomy | (Pinzone et al., 2023) | |
| I3 | Ability to adopt new models of work and organization with dynamic performance | (Díaz Bermúdez and Flores Juárez, 2017; Ostadi et al., 2024) | |
| I4 | Practice self-development as well as professional and personal continuous evolution | (Tortorella et al., 2021) | |
| I5 | Encourage participation in decision-making | (Díaz Bermúdez and Flores Juárez, 2017) | |
| I6 | Put the group’s interests above the individual ones | (Tortorella et al., 2021) | |
| Demonstrating inter/multi/transdisciplinary skills and mastering and displaying language-specific skills | I7 | Social (emotional) intelligent workforce competency: self-aware and empathetic | (Chaka, 2020; Flores et al., 2020) |
| I8 | Hard workforce competency: professional and dexterous | (Flores et al., 2020) | |
| I9 | Cognitive/ problem-solving/analytical skills | (Chaka, 2020; Flores et al., 2020) | |
| I10 | Flexibility and adaptability | (Chaka, 2020) | |
| I11 | Self-management and planning, manage complexity | (Chaka, 2020) | |
| I12 | Entrepreneurship competencies | (Chaka, 2020) | |
| I13 | Language and communication skills | (Caiado et al., 2024; Chaka, 2020) | |
| I14 | Collaboration and intercultural networking | (Caiado et al., 2024; Chaka, 2020; Hecklau et al., 2016) | |
| I15 | Ability to work under pressure | (Hecklau et al., 2016) | |
| I16 | Identify and provide value-added information clearly and objectively | (Tortorella et al., 2021) | |
| Information and technology | I17 | I4.0 infrastructure system | (Pinzone et al., 2023) |
| I18 | Knowledge of big data, cloud computing and emerging technologies | (Díaz Bermúdez and Flores Juárez, 2017) | |
| I19 | Data analysis ability and the use of tools for understanding the business and a smart factory | (Díaz Bermúdez and Flores Juárez, 2017; Ostadi et al., 2024) | |
| I20 | Knowledge and management of software and interfaces that support operations management | (Díaz Bermúdez and Flores Juárez, 2017; Ostadi et al., 2024) | |
| I21 | Virtual collaboration (participation in virtual forums) | (Díaz Bermúdez and Flores Juárez, 2017) | |
| I22 | Interoperability | (Ostadi et al., 2024) | |
| I23 | Understanding the strategies required for digitization | (Ostadi et al., 2024) | |
| I24 | Smart product development management (connecting the product development process to the value chain) | (Ostadi et al., 2024) | |
| I25 | Creating digital twins for simulation and virtualization | (Ostadi et al., 2024) | |
| I26 | Ensuring transparency of information along the digitized system | (Ostadi et al., 2024) | |
| I27 | Consistent data flow | (Caiado et al., 2024) | |
| I28 | Cyber security | (Caiado et al., 2024; Ostadi et al., 2024) | |
| I29 | Digital literacy and technical skills | (Chaka, 2020; Flores et al., 2020; Hecklau et al., 2016) | |
| I30 | Develop computer programming/coding | (Tortorella et al., 2021) | |
| I31 | Better resource management through Industry 4.0’s big data analysis and integrated systems | (Ostadi et al., 2024) | |
| I32 | Using Industry 4.0 technologies to integrate research and development departments | (Ostadi et al., 2024) | |
| Supply chain organization and processes | I33 | Supply chain and production systems | (Pinzone et al., 2023) |
| I34 | Product-service | (Pinzone et al., 2023) | |
| I35 | Data service | (Pinzone et al., 2023) | |
| I36 | Develop data processing and analytics | (Tortorella et al., 2021) | |
| I37 | Use continuous improvement practices and principles (PDCA, statistical process control) | (Tortorella et al., 2021) | |
| I38 | Manage with emphasis on value chain flow rather than on isolated operations | (Ostadi et al., 2024; Tortorella et al., 2021) | |
| I39 | Creating integration among dimensions (horizontal, vertical and end-to-end) and different departments | (Ostadi et al., 2024) | |
| Innovation | I40 | Creative and innovative practices | (Caiado et al., 2024; Chaka, 2020; Díaz Bermúdez and Flores Juárez, 2017; Ostadi et al., 2024; Tortorella et al., 2021) |
| I41 | Innovative business models | (Caiado et al., 2024) | |
| I42 | Develop research with external relations (public or private institutions) | (Díaz Bermúdez and Flores Juárez, 2017) | |
| I43 | Transdisciplinarity | (Díaz Bermúdez and Flores Juárez, 2017) | |
| I44 | Motivation to learn | (Hecklau et al., 2016) | |
| Circular and sustainability | I45 | Sustainable culture | (Caiado et al., 2024; Hecklau et al., 2016) |
| I46 | Focus on renewable natural resources | (Caiado et al., 2024) | |
| I47 | Compliance | (Hecklau et al., 2016) | |
| I48 | Achieving sustainability and developing it in different sectors in three (social, economic and environmental) dimensions | (Ostadi et al., 2024; Tortorella et al., 2021) | |
| I49 | Energy management through Industry 4.0 technologies | (Ostadi et al., 2024) |
| Category | Index | Capability | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leading and deciding | I1 | Strategic management commitment | ( |
| I2 | Leadership and autonomy | ( | |
| I3 | Ability to adopt new models of work and organization with dynamic performance | ( | |
| I4 | Practice self-development as well as professional and personal continuous evolution | ( | |
| I5 | Encourage participation in decision-making | ( | |
| I6 | Put the group’s interests above the individual ones | ( | |
| Demonstrating inter/multi/transdisciplinary skills and mastering and displaying language-specific skills | I7 | Social (emotional) intelligent workforce competency: self-aware and empathetic | ( |
| I8 | Hard workforce competency: professional and dexterous | ( | |
| I9 | Cognitive/ problem-solving/analytical skills | ( | |
| I10 | Flexibility and adaptability | ( | |
| I11 | Self-management and planning, manage complexity | ( | |
| I12 | Entrepreneurship competencies | ( | |
| I13 | Language and communication skills | ( | |
| I14 | Collaboration and intercultural networking | ( | |
| I15 | Ability to work under pressure | ( | |
| I16 | Identify and provide value-added information clearly and objectively | ( | |
| Information and technology | I17 | I4.0 infrastructure system | ( |
| I18 | Knowledge of big data, cloud computing and emerging technologies | ( | |
| I19 | Data analysis ability and the use of tools for understanding the business and a smart factory | ( | |
| I20 | Knowledge and management of software and interfaces that support operations management | ( | |
| I21 | Virtual collaboration (participation in virtual forums) | ( | |
| I22 | Interoperability | ( | |
| I23 | Understanding the strategies required for digitization | ( | |
| I24 | Smart product development management (connecting the product development process to the value chain) | ( | |
| I25 | Creating digital twins for simulation and virtualization | ( | |
| I26 | Ensuring transparency of information along the digitized system | ( | |
| I27 | Consistent data flow | ( | |
| I28 | Cyber security | ( | |
| I29 | Digital literacy and technical skills | ( | |
| I30 | Develop computer programming/coding | ( | |
| I31 | Better resource management through Industry 4.0’s big data analysis and integrated systems | ( | |
| I32 | Using Industry 4.0 technologies to integrate research and development departments | ( | |
| Supply chain organization and processes | I33 | Supply chain and production systems | ( |
| I34 | Product-service | ( | |
| I35 | Data service | ( | |
| I36 | Develop data processing and analytics | ( | |
| I37 | Use continuous improvement practices and principles (PDCA, statistical process control) | ( | |
| I38 | Manage with emphasis on value chain flow rather than on isolated operations | ( | |
| I39 | Creating integration among dimensions (horizontal, vertical and end-to-end) and different departments | ( | |
| Innovation | I40 | Creative and innovative practices | ( |
| I41 | Innovative business models | ( | |
| I42 | Develop research with external relations (public or private institutions) | ( | |
| I43 | Transdisciplinarity | ( | |
| I44 | Motivation to learn | ( | |
| Circular and sustainability | I45 | Sustainable culture | ( |
| I46 | Focus on renewable natural resources | ( | |
| I47 | Compliance | ( | |
| I48 | Achieving sustainability and developing it in different sectors in three (social, economic and environmental) dimensions | ( | |
| I49 | Energy management through Industry 4.0 technologies | ( |
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