Table 8. Unified matrix of... | Emerald Publishing

Table 8.

Unified matrix of organizational capabilities

Category	Individual capabilities indexes	Unified index	Unified capability	QM	I4.0	ID
Leadership and strategy	Q1, Q7, Q15, D12, I1	LS1	Leadership and top management commitment	✓	✓	✓
	Q2, Q8, Q14, Q17, Q18, Q19	LS2	Strategic direction, alignment and planning	✓
	Q11, Q16	LS3	Change management and empowerment	✓
	Q3, Q4, Q9	LS4	Benchmarking and business outcomes	✓
	Q13	LS5	Connecting with government and science	✓
	I2, I3, I4, I5, I6, D15	LS6	Leading and deciding approach (autonomy, new models, group orientation)		✓	✓
Organizational culture	Q22, Q23	OC1	Quality and continuous improvement culture	✓
	Q26, Q27, Q29, D13	OC2	Employee involvement, cultural change and beliefs	✓		✓
	Q30, Q31, Q32	OC3	Innovation and systemic thinking (stakeholder enrichment)	✓
	Q33, Q34, Q36	OC4	Accountability, metrics and lessons learned	✓
	Q35, Q28	OC5	Personnel satisfaction and reward system	✓
	Q38, Q37	OC6	Strategic role of quality department and standardized procedures	✓
	Q24, Q25	OC7	Focus on customers and suppliers	✓
	D14	OC8	Green brand and low-carbon business opportunities			✓
	D16	OC9	Strong governance, CSR and policy			✓
HR management	Q64, Q66	HR1	Human resources management and employee development	✓
	Q12, Q68	HR2	Team emphasis and dedicated workforce	✓
	Q65, Q67	HR3	Linking LSS/I4.0 with human resources (policies and rewards)	✓
Finance and resource management	Q10, Q20, D26	FR1	Resource availability and usage (financial and non-financial)	✓		✓
Finance and resource management	Q21, D27	FR2	Financial position and economic capabilities (i.e. financing instruments, incentive schemes)	✓		✓
Skills and expertise	Q39, Q43, Q50, Q51, Q53, Q55, Q57, I7, I8, I12	SE1	Technical and methodological expertise (process, project, lean, Six sigma)	✓	✓
	Q40, Q46, Q47, Q52, D24, D25, I9, I10, I11	SE2	Data-driven decision making and analytics skills	✓	✓	✓
	Q41, I13, I14	SE3	Communication, collaboration and intercultural networking	✓	✓
	I15, I16	SE4	Adaptability, working under pressure and clear information		✓
	Q42, Q45, Q48, Q49, Q56, Q58	SE5	Domain technical and consumer expertise and sustainability (supply chain coordination, product/market knowledge)	✓
Technological capabilities	Q59, Q60, I17, I23, D17	T1	IT infrastructure and organizational infrastructure for Industry 4.0	✓	✓	✓
	Q62, Q63, I31, D18	T2	Automation, remote working and advanced manufacturing (i.e. high computing power, information and communication technologies)	✓	✓	✓
	Q61, I18, I19, I20, I21, I22, I24, I25, I26, I27, I28, I29, I30, I32, D19, D20	T3	Tech adaptation (knowledge of big data, cloud computing and emerging technologies), data analysis ability, integration and interoperability (data, cyber, R&D)	✓	✓	✓
Supply chain	Q5, I33, I34, I35	SC1	Supply chain and production systems (incl. product-service, data)	✓	✓
	I36, I37	SC2	Data analytics and using continuous improvement in the supply chain		✓
	I38, I39	SC3	Integration and value flow in the supply chain		✓
	Q44, Q54	SC4	Supply chain coordination and green supply chain performance	✓
Innovation	I40	IN1	Creative and innovative practices		✓
	I41, I43	IN2	Innovative business models and transdisciplinarity		✓
	I42, I44	IN3	External research collaboration and continuous learning		✓
Sustainability, energy efficiency and CE	I45, I47	SU1	Sustainable culture and compliance		✓
	I46, I48	SU2	Focus on renewable resources and achieving triple bottom line sustainability		✓	✓
	Q6, D10	SU3	Presence of the environmental manager and CE awareness	✓		✓
	D9	SU4	Waste management, recycling and usage of sustainable materials			✓
	D11	SU5	Economic and technical enablers for CE			✓
	D1, D2	SU6	Energy efficiency and renewable energy adoption			✓
	D3, D4	SU7	Low-carbon technologies (i.e. carbon capture and storage) and energy market development			✓
	D5, D6	SU8	Carbon pricing, trading (i.e. emission trading scheme, carbon market) and disclosure (i.e. carbon disclosure protocol)			✓
	D7, D8	SU9	Greenhouse gas measurement, regulation and climate institutions			✓
Stakeholder engagement	D21, D22	ST1	Stakeholder collaboration, negotiation and procurement / interorganizational cooperation			✓
Stakeholder engagement	D23	ST2	Stakeholder’s sustainability awareness			✓
Operations and efficiency	D28	OE1	Operational efficiency and service improvement			✓
	D29	OE2	Process resilience and product quality			✓
	D30	OE3	Flexible and robust manufacturing			✓

Category	Individual capabilities indexes	Unified index	Unified capability	QM	I4.0	ID
Leadership and strategy	Q1, Q7, Q15, D12, I1	LS1	Leadership and top management commitment	✓	✓	✓
	Q2, Q8, Q14, Q17, Q18, Q19	LS2	Strategic direction, alignment and planning	✓
	Q11, Q16	LS3	Change management and empowerment	✓
	Q3, Q4, Q9	LS4	Benchmarking and business outcomes	✓
	Q13	LS5	Connecting with government and science	✓
	I2, I3, I4, I5, I6, D15	LS6	Leading and deciding approach (autonomy, new models, group orientation)		✓	✓
Organizational culture	Q22, Q23	OC1	Quality and continuous improvement culture	✓
	Q26, Q27, Q29, D13	OC2	Employee involvement, cultural change and beliefs	✓		✓
	Q30, Q31, Q32	OC3	Innovation and systemic thinking (stakeholder enrichment)	✓
	Q33, Q34, Q36	OC4	Accountability, metrics and lessons learned	✓
	Q35, Q28	OC5	Personnel satisfaction and reward system	✓
	Q38, Q37	OC6	Strategic role of quality department and standardized procedures	✓
	Q24, Q25	OC7	Focus on customers and suppliers	✓
	D14	OC8	Green brand and low-carbon business opportunities			✓
	D16	OC9	Strong governance, CSR and policy			✓
HR management	Q64, Q66	HR1	Human resources management and employee development	✓
	Q12, Q68	HR2	Team emphasis and dedicated workforce	✓
	Q65, Q67	HR3	Linking LSS/I4.0 with human resources (policies and rewards)	✓
Finance and resource management	Q10, Q20, D26	FR1	Resource availability and usage (financial and non-financial)	✓		✓
Finance and resource management	Q21, D27	FR2	Financial position and economic capabilities (i.e. financing instruments, incentive schemes)	✓		✓
Skills and expertise	Q39, Q43, Q50, Q51, Q53, Q55, Q57, I7, I8, I12	SE1	Technical and methodological expertise (process, project, lean, Six sigma)	✓	✓
	Q40, Q46, Q47, Q52, D24, D25, I9, I10, I11	SE2	Data-driven decision making and analytics skills	✓	✓	✓
	Q41, I13, I14	SE3	Communication, collaboration and intercultural networking	✓	✓
	I15, I16	SE4	Adaptability, working under pressure and clear information		✓
	Q42, Q45, Q48, Q49, Q56, Q58	SE5	Domain technical and consumer expertise and sustainability (supply chain coordination, product/market knowledge)	✓
Technological capabilities	Q59, Q60, I17, I23, D17	T1	IT infrastructure and organizational infrastructure for Industry 4.0	✓	✓	✓
	Q62, Q63, I31, D18	T2	Automation, remote working and advanced manufacturing (i.e. high computing power, information and communication technologies)	✓	✓	✓
	Q61, I18, I19, I20, I21, I22, I24, I25, I26, I27, I28, I29, I30, I32, D19, D20	T3	Tech adaptation (knowledge of big data, cloud computing and emerging technologies), data analysis ability, integration and interoperability (data, cyber, R&D)	✓	✓	✓
Supply chain	Q5, I33, I34, I35	SC1	Supply chain and production systems (incl. product-service, data)	✓	✓
	I36, I37	SC2	Data analytics and using continuous improvement in the supply chain		✓
	I38, I39	SC3	Integration and value flow in the supply chain		✓
	Q44, Q54	SC4	Supply chain coordination and green supply chain performance	✓
Innovation	I40	IN1	Creative and innovative practices		✓
	I41, I43	IN2	Innovative business models and transdisciplinarity		✓
	I42, I44	IN3	External research collaboration and continuous learning		✓
Sustainability, energy efficiency and CE	I45, I47	SU1	Sustainable culture and compliance		✓
	I46, I48	SU2	Focus on renewable resources and achieving triple bottom line sustainability		✓	✓
	Q6, D10	SU3	Presence of the environmental manager and CE awareness	✓		✓
	D9	SU4	Waste management, recycling and usage of sustainable materials			✓
	D11	SU5	Economic and technical enablers for CE			✓
	D1, D2	SU6	Energy efficiency and renewable energy adoption			✓
	D3, D4	SU7	Low-carbon technologies (i.e. carbon capture and storage) and energy market development			✓
	D5, D6	SU8	Carbon pricing, trading (i.e. emission trading scheme, carbon market) and disclosure (i.e. carbon disclosure protocol)			✓
	D7, D8	SU9	Greenhouse gas measurement, regulation and climate institutions			✓
Stakeholder engagement	D21, D22	ST1	Stakeholder collaboration, negotiation and procurement / interorganizational cooperation			✓
Stakeholder engagement	D23	ST2	Stakeholder’s sustainability awareness			✓
Operations and efficiency	D28	OE1	Operational efficiency and service improvement			✓
	D29	OE2	Process resilience and product quality			✓
	D30	OE3	Flexible and robust manufacturing			✓

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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