Table 5 Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb)...

Table 5

Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) concentrations (mg/kg) in edible plants from the study area: Seasonal variation (summer vs. winter) vs. FAO/WHO Codex maximum levels (MLs)

Sites	Summer season					Winter season
Sites	Plant	Cd	Limits*	Pb	Limits	Plant	Cd	Limits	Pb	Limits
1	Maize stalks	1.20	–	6.90	–	Wheat grains	0.30	0.2	6.70	0.2
2	Maize grains	0.06	0.1	0.66	0.2	Onion bulb	0.56	0.1	5.30	0.1
3	Eggplant fruits	0.14	0.05	6.76	0.1	Clover	0.30	–	6.50	–
4	Sesame plant	0.28	0.1	4.38	0.2	Onion bulb	0.60	0.1	5.70	0.1
5	Molokheya leaves	0.44	0.2	6.60	0.3	Wheat grains	0.30	0.2	7.40	0.2
6	Rice grains	0.60	0.4	4.80	0.2	Turnip plant	1.00	0.2	8.3	0.1
7	Maize grains	0.31	0.1	2.80	0.2	Cabbage leaves	0.30	0.2	1.10	0.3
8	Rice grains	0.24	0.4	5.90	0.2	Beans grains	0.30	0.1	5.90	0.2

Sites	Summer season					Winter season
Sites	Plant	Cd	Limits*	Pb	Limits	Plant	Cd	Limits	Pb	Limits
1	Maize stalks	1.20	–	6.90	–	Wheat grains	0.30	0.2	6.70	0.2
2	Maize grains	0.06	0.1	0.66	0.2	Onion bulb	0.56	0.1	5.30	0.1
3	Eggplant fruits	0.14	0.05	6.76	0.1	Clover	0.30	–	6.50	–
4	Sesame plant	0.28	0.1	4.38	0.2	Onion bulb	0.60	0.1	5.70	0.1
5	Molokheya leaves	0.44	0.2	6.60	0.3	Wheat grains	0.30	0.2	7.40	0.2
6	Rice grains	0.60	0.4	4.80	0.2	Turnip plant	1.00	0.2	8.3	0.1
7	Maize grains	0.31	0.1	2.80	0.2	Cabbage leaves	0.30	0.2	1.10	0.3
8	Rice grains	0.24	0.4	5.90	0.2	Beans grains	0.30	0.1	5.90	0.2

Note(s): *Maximum allowable limits (Maximum Levels, MLs) for Heavy Metals in Food Crops based on the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius (General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed, CODEX STAN 193–1995). These limits apply to key heavy metals of concern: Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As), and Mercury (Hg). The FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius does not set international Maximum Levels (MLs) for Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, or Cr in food crops due to scientific, nutritional, and risk-based principles

[ViewLarge]

Sharing Unavailable