Table 4

Coded categories during the 2023 F1 season footage

Actual useThe use of alcohol on screen by any character (e.g. seeing a person actually consume alcohol on screen)
Implied UseAny implied use of alcohol without actual use on screen (e.g. a person holding a bottle of alcohol but not actually drinking)
Other Alcohol ReferencesThe presence of alcohol or other related materials on screen (e.g. bottles or beer pumps not actually in use)
Public Service AnnouncementsMessages that discourage alcohol consumption (e.g. “don’t drink and drive”)
Alcohol BrandingThe presence of alcoholic product branding
0% Alcohol BrandingThe presence of 0% beer branding
Any Alcohol ContentAny of the above categories
Source(s): Adapted from Barker et al. (2018) 

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