Channel analysis
| Variable | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel A – EsgDis1 | |||||
| 0.091* | 0.200*** | 4.045*** | 0.195*** | 0.196*** | |
| (1.807) | (4.886) | (3.050) | (4.769) | (4.796) | |
| 0.107*** | 0.057*** | ||||
| (20.227) | (8.945) | ||||
| 0.005*** | 0.004*** | ||||
| (22.372) | (12.674) | ||||
| Constant | −9.284*** | −9.195*** | −197.544*** | −9.066*** | −8.879*** |
| (−42.503) | (−44.428) | (−22.957) | (−43.566) | (−42.018) | |
| Included | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Industry FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Province FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Obs | 29,578 | 29,578 | 29,578 | 29,578 | 29,578 |
| R-squared | 0.484 | 0.748 | 0.469 | 0.745 | 0.747 |
| Panel B – EsgDis2 | |||||
| 0.138** | 0.221*** | 5.046*** | 0.216*** | 0.216*** | |
| (2.447) | (5.650) | (3.786) | (5.513) | (5.521) | |
| 0.107*** | 0.057*** | ||||
| (20.195) | (8.933) | ||||
| 0.005*** | 0.004*** | ||||
| (22.342) | (12.653) | ||||
| Constant | −9.262*** | −9.163*** | −196.788*** | −9.035*** | −8.850*** |
| (−30.968) | (−44.277) | (−22.853) | (−43.430) | (−41.880) | |
| Included | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Industry FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Province FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Obs | 29,578 | 29,578 | 29,578 | 29,578 | 29,578 |
| R-squared | 0.484 | 0.748 | 0.470 | 0.746 | 0.748 |
| Variable | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel A – | |||||
| 0.107*** | 0.057*** | ||||
| (20.227) | (8.945) | ||||
| 0.005*** | 0.004*** | ||||
| (22.372) | (12.674) | ||||
| Constant | −9.284*** | −9.195*** | −197.544*** | −9.066*** | −8.879*** |
| (−42.503) | (−44.428) | (−22.957) | (−43.566) | (−42.018) | |
| Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Industry FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Province FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Obs | 29,578 | 29,578 | 29,578 | 29,578 | 29,578 |
| 0.484 | 0.748 | 0.469 | 0.745 | 0.747 | |
| 0.107*** | 0.057*** | ||||
| (20.195) | (8.933) | ||||
| 0.005*** | 0.004*** | ||||
| (22.342) | (12.653) | ||||
| Constant | −9.262*** | −9.163*** | −196.788*** | −9.035*** | −8.850*** |
| (−30.968) | (−44.277) | (−22.853) | (−43.430) | (−41.880) | |
| Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Industry FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Province FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Obs | 29,578 | 29,578 | 29,578 | 29,578 | 29,578 |
| 0.484 | 0.748 | 0.470 | 0.746 | 0.748 | |
Note(s): All continuous variables are winsorized at the 1st and 99th percentile. T values are reported in parentheses under coefficients. *, **, and *** indicate significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively. Variable definitions are presented in Appendix A