Cross sectional test
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interaction | SOE | Loss | ||
| Dep. Variable | ||||
| 0.263*** | 0.171*** | |||
| (5.121) | (3.935) | |||
| 0.304*** | 0.208*** | |||
| (6.163) | (4.990) | |||
| SOE | 0.042* | 0.052** | ||
| (1.847) | (2.250) | |||
| SOE× | −0.146* | |||
| (−1.661) | ||||
| SOE× | −0.192** | |||
| (−2.294) | ||||
| Loss | −0.048 | −0.038 | ||
| (−1.450) | (−1.147) | |||
| Loss× | 0.321** | |||
| (2.317) | ||||
| Loss× | 0.248* | |||
| (1.834) | ||||
| Constant | −10.425*** | −10.392*** | −10.299*** | −10.263*** |
| (−50.698) | (−50.544) | (−51.734) | (−51.565) | |
| Included | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Industry FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Province FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Obs | 29,578 | 29,578 | 29,578 | 29,578 |
| R-squared | 0.734 | 0.734 | 0.733 | 0.733 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interaction | SOE | Loss | ||
| Dep. Variable | ||||
| 0.042* | 0.052** | |||
| (1.847) | (2.250) | |||
| −0.048 | −0.038 | |||
| (−1.450) | (−1.147) | |||
| Constant | −10.425*** | −10.392*** | −10.299*** | −10.263*** |
| (−50.698) | (−50.544) | (−51.734) | (−51.565) | |
| Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Industry FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Province FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Obs | 29,578 | 29,578 | 29,578 | 29,578 |
| 0.734 | 0.734 | 0.733 | 0.733 | |
Note(s): All continuous variables are winsorized at the 1st and 99th percentile. T values are reported in parentheses under coefficients. *, **, and *** indicate significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively. Variable definitions are presented in Appendix A