Table 1.

Overview of included articles

Authors and yearJournalGeographyResearch designSampleTheoryCELECategoryFit termFDFO
Aaker and Keller (1990)  Journal of Marketing USA Exp./survey/qual. Categorization theory   P, S Perceived fit, similarity   
Ahluwalia (2008)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Exp. P, S Perceived fit, consistency   
Albrecht et al. (2013)  Psychology and Marketing Not specified Survey   P, S Extension fit   
Athanasopoulou et al. (2015)  Journal of Brand Management Not specified Survey/qual.   Brand product portfolio similarity 
Barone (2005)  Journal of Consumer Psychology USA Exp. Categorization theory Core brand-extension similarity   
Barone et al. (2000)  Journal of Consumer Research USA Exp. Categorization theory Perceived fit, core brand-extension similarity   
Batra et al. (2010)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Survey   Fit   
Bhat and Reddy (2001)  Journal of Business Research USA Survey Categorization theory   Perceived fit, similarity   
Boisvert and Ashill (2018)  Psychology and Marketing USA Exp. Categorization theory   Extension fit   
Boush and Loken (1991)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Exp. Categorization theory Perceived typicality, similarity 
Bridges et al. (2000)  Journal of Advertising USA Exp.   Perceived fit 
Bristol (2002)  Journal of Product and Brand Management USA Survey   Fit   
Broniarczyk and Alba (1994)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Exp. Categorization theory Product category similarity, extension relevance 
Buil et al. (2009)  European Journal of Marketing Spain, UK, Norway Exp.   Perceived fit, similarity 
Carter and Curry (2013)  Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science USA Survey/sec. Associative network theory, categorization theory Parent brand–extension fit, congruence   
Chang et al. (2011)  Marketing Letters Taiwan Exp. Accessibility–diagnosticity theory   Product category similarity, core benefit overlap 
Chiu et al. (2017)  Journal of Electronic Commerce Research Taiwan Survey   Perceived fit   
Chun et al. (2015)  Journal of Consumer Psychology USA Exp. Categorization theory   Extension fit 
Consumer Behavior Seminar (1987)  Psychology and Marketing USA Exp. Categorization theory Similarity   
Cutright et al. (2013)  Journal of Marketing Research Not specified Exp. C, M Categorization theory, dissonance theory   Perceived fit   
Czellar (2003)  International Journal of Research in Marketing Con. Categorization theory   Perceived fit   
Dacin and Smith (1994)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Exp./survey Categorization theory   Parent brand-extension similarity, parent brand-extension fit   
Dall’Olmo Riley et al. (2014)  Journal of Marketing Management UK Exp. Categorization theory   Perceived fit 
Dawar (1996)  Journal of Consumer Psychology Canada Exp.   Brand-extension fit   
Dawar and Anderson (1994)  Journal of Business Research Not specified Exp. Categorization theory   P, S Perceived fit, perceived coherence, distance 
DelVecchio (2000)  Journal of Product and Brand Management USA Survey   Perceived fit   
DelVecchio and Smith (2005)  Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science USA Exp.   Perceived fit 
Deng and Messinger (2022)  International Journal of Research in Marketing USA Exp./survey/qual. C, M, A Categorization theory, schema congruity theory   Brand-extension fit 
Dens and de Pelsmacker (2010a) Marketing Letters Belgium Exp. Categorization theory Perceived fit   
Dens and de Pelsmacker (2010b) Journal of Business Research Belgium Exp. Associative network theory, categorization theory Perceived fit   
Dimitriu and Warlop (2022)  International Journal of Research in Marketing UK, USA Exp./survey   P, S Fit   
Dimitriu et al. (2017)  European Journal of Marketing Not specified Exp.   Perceived similarity   
Dwivedi et al. (2010)  Journal of Brand Management India Survey Categorization theory   Perceived fit   
Eren-Erdogmus et al. (2018)  Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management Turkey Exp. Categorization theory   Perceived fit   
Fang et al. (2024)  Electronic Commerce Research and Applications Japan, Taiwan, Thailand Survey   Perceived fit   
Fedorkhin et al. (2008)  Journal of Consumer Psychology USA Exp. Categorization theory   Fit, similarity   
Gierl and Huettl (2011)  International Journal of Research in Marketing Germany Exp. Categorization theory, schema congruity theory   P, S Perceived similarity   
Guo et al. (2018)  Psychology and Marketing China Survey   Perceived fit   
Hagtvedt and Patrick (2008)  Journal of Consumer Psychology USA Exp. Categorization theory   P, S Perceived fit   
Han and Schmitt (1997)  Journal of International Marketing USA, China Exp.   P, S Perceived fit 
Hem et al. (2003)  Journal of Marketing Management Norway Survey   P, S Similarity   
Herr et al. (1996)  Journal of Consumer Psychology USA Exp.   P, S Relatedness 
Hill and Lee (2015)  Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management USA Survey   Perceived fit   
Huang et al. (2017)  Psychology and Marketing China Exp. Construal level theory   Brand-extension fit   
Huber et al. (2013)  Journal of Brand Management China Exp. Categorization theory   Perceived fit, perceived congruity   
Jung and Tey (2010)  Journal of Product and Brand Management Not specified Exp. Schema congruity theory   Fit, extension similarity, incongruity 
Kalamas et al. (2006)  Journal of Strategic Marketing Not specified Survey Categorization theory   Extension fit   
Kapoor and Heslop (2009)  International Journal of Research in Marketing Canada Exp.   Fit   
Keller and Aaker (1992)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Exp.   Perceived fit, similarity 
Kim and John (2008)  Journal of Consumer Psychology Not specified Exp. Construal level theory   P, S Perceived fit 
Kim et al. (2014)  Journal of Business Research Korea, Canada Exp./survey   Parent-extension fit   
Klink and Smith (2001)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Exp. Categorization theory   Perceived fit   
Lane (2000)  Journal of Marketing USA Exp.   Fit, consistency, incongruity 
Lane and Jacobson (1997)  Marketing Letters USA Exp.   (In)congruity   
Lee (1994)  Journal of Business and Psychology USA Exp. Categorization theory Consistency   
Lei et al. (2004)  Journal of Service Research Europe Exp. Categorization theory   P, S Perceived similarity 
Leong (1997)  Journal of Consumer Marketing Singapore Exp.   Similarity   
Liang and Fu (2021)  Journal of Marketing Analytics Not specified Exp. Schema congruity theory   Perceived fit   
Liu and Hu (2012)  Psychology and Marketing China Exp.   Product fit, extension similarity   
Loken and John (1993)  Journal of Marketing USA Exp. Categorization theory Typicality 
Mao and Krishnan (2006)  Journal of Consumer Research USA Exp.   Extension fit   
Maoz and Tybout (2002)  Journal of Consumer Psychology USA Exp. Schema congruity theory   Perceived fit, (in)congruity   
Martin et al. (2005)  Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science USA Exp. Categorization theory   Fit, perceived similarity   
Mathur et al. (2012)  Journal of Consumer Psychology USA Exp.   Extension fit 
Mathur et al. (2023)  Journal of Marketing Not specified Exp.   Brand extension fit   
Meyers-Levy et al. (1994)  Journal of Applied Psychology USA Exp. Schema congruity theory   Congruity 
Meyvis and Janiszewski (2004)  Journal of Consumer Research USA Exp. Accessibility-diagnosticity theory   Similarity   
Milberg et al. (1997)  Journal of Consumer Psychology USA Exp. Categorization theory   Perceived consistency 
Milberg et al. (2010)  Journal of Consumer Research Not specified Exp.   Perceived fit   
Milberg et al. (2013)  Journal of Marketing Management Not specified Exp.   Extension fit   
Miniard et al. (2018)  Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science Not specified Exp./survey Inclusion/exclusion model   Fit   
Monga and John (2010)  Journal of Marketing USA Exp.   Extension fit, similarity, distance 
Morrin (1999)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Exp.   P, S Extension fit   
Morrin and Jacoby (2000)  Journal of Public Policy and Marketing USA Exp. Associative network theory   P, S Category similarity   
Nan (2006)  Psychology and Marketing USA Exp. Categorization theory   Perceived congruity 
O’Reilly et al. (2017)  Journal of Product and Brand Management USA Survey   Extension fit, similarity 
Oakley et al. (2008)  Journal of Consumer Research USA Exp.   Perceived fit 
Park et al. (1991)  Journal of Consumer Research USA Exp. Categorization theory   Perceived fit 
Peev and Kumar (2023)  Journal of Strategic Marketing USA Exp. Structure-mapping theory   Fit, perceived similarity 
Pina et al. (2010)  Journal of Marketing Management Norway, Spain Survey Associative network theory   Perceived fit   
Pontes (2018)  European Journal of Marketing Not specified Exp.   Perceived fit, perceived consistency   
Pontes and Pontes (2021)  Journal of Brand Management Not specified Exp.   Fit   
Pontes et al. (2024)  Journal of Consumer Behaviour USA Exp. Categorization theory   Perceived fit   
Ramanathan and Velayudhan (2015)  Journal of Brand Management India Survey Categorization theory   Fit   
Salinas and Pérez (2009)  Journal of Business Research Spain Survey Associative network theory, categorization theory   P, S Perceived fit   
Sar et al. (2011)  Psychology and Marketing USA Exp.   Extension fit   
Sattler et al. (2010)  International Journal of Research in Marketing Not specified Survey Categorization theory   Perceived fit   
Shine et al. (2007)  Journal of Marketing Research Korea Exp.   Perceived similarity / parent-extension similarity   
Smith and Andrews (1995)  Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science USA Survey Categorization theory   P, S Perceived fit 
Smith and Park (1992)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Survey C, M   Perceived similarity 
Spiggle et al. (2012)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Exp./survey Categorization theory   Brand extension fit 
Swaminathan et al. (2001)  Journal of Marketing Not specified Survey/sec.   Perceived fit   
Taylor and Bearden (2002)  Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science USA Exp.   Perceived similarity   
Torelli and Ahluwalia (2012)  Journal of Consumer Research USA Exp.   Perceived fit   
Völckner and Sattler (2006)  Journal of Marketing Germany Survey C, M, A Perceived fit   
Wang and Liu (2020)  Journal of Business Research China Exp./survey/sec.   Perceived fit, distance 
Wu et al. (2015)  European Journal of Marketing China Exp.   P, S Perceived product category fit   
Yeo and Park (2006)  Journal of Consumer Psychology Korea Exp. Categorization theory, schema congruity theory   Parent-extension similarity   
Yeung and Wyer (2005)  Journal of Marketing Research Not specified Exp. Categorization theory   Core-extension fit, core extension similarity   
Zhang and Sood (2002)  Journal of Consumer Research USA Exp.   Category similarity   
Zhang et al. (2020)  Psychology and Marketing USA Exp.   Perceived fit   
Zheng et al. (2019)  Journal of Retailing Not specified Exp. Comparison theory   Perceived fit   
Authors and yearJournalGeographyResearch designSampleTheoryCELECategoryFit termFDFO
Aaker and Keller (1990)  Journal of Marketing USA Exp./survey/qual. Categorization theory   P, S Perceived fit, similarity   
Ahluwalia (2008)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Exp. P, S Perceived fit, consistency   
Albrecht et al. (2013)  Psychology and Marketing Not specified Survey   P, S Extension fit   
Athanasopoulou et al. (2015)  Journal of Brand Management Not specified Survey/qual.   Brand product portfolio similarity 
Barone (2005)  Journal of Consumer Psychology USA Exp. Categorization theory Core brand-extension similarity   
Barone et al. (2000)  Journal of Consumer Research USA Exp. Categorization theory Perceived fit, core brand-extension similarity   
Batra et al. (2010)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Survey   Fit   
Bhat and Reddy (2001)  Journal of Business Research USA Survey Categorization theory   Perceived fit, similarity   
Boisvert and Ashill (2018)  Psychology and Marketing USA Exp. Categorization theory   Extension fit   
Boush and Loken (1991)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Exp. Categorization theory Perceived typicality, similarity 
Bridges et al. (2000)  Journal of Advertising USA Exp.   Perceived fit 
Bristol (2002)  Journal of Product and Brand Management USA Survey   Fit   
Broniarczyk and Alba (1994)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Exp. Categorization theory Product category similarity, extension relevance 
Buil et al. (2009)  European Journal of Marketing Spain, UK, Norway Exp.   Perceived fit, similarity 
Carter and Curry (2013)  Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science USA Survey/sec. Associative network theory, categorization theory Parent brand–extension fit, congruence   
Chang et al. (2011)  Marketing Letters Taiwan Exp. Accessibility–diagnosticity theory   Product category similarity, core benefit overlap 
Chiu et al. (2017)  Journal of Electronic Commerce Research Taiwan Survey   Perceived fit   
Chun et al. (2015)  Journal of Consumer Psychology USA Exp. Categorization theory   Extension fit 
Consumer Behavior Seminar (1987)  Psychology and Marketing USA Exp. Categorization theory Similarity   
Cutright et al. (2013)  Journal of Marketing Research Not specified Exp. C, M Categorization theory, dissonance theory   Perceived fit   
Czellar (2003)  International Journal of Research in Marketing Con. Categorization theory   Perceived fit   
Dacin and Smith (1994)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Exp./survey Categorization theory   Parent brand-extension similarity, parent brand-extension fit   
Dall’Olmo Riley et al. (2014)  Journal of Marketing Management UK Exp. Categorization theory   Perceived fit 
Dawar (1996)  Journal of Consumer Psychology Canada Exp.   Brand-extension fit   
Dawar and Anderson (1994)  Journal of Business Research Not specified Exp. Categorization theory   P, S Perceived fit, perceived coherence, distance 
DelVecchio (2000)  Journal of Product and Brand Management USA Survey   Perceived fit   
DelVecchio and Smith (2005)  Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science USA Exp.   Perceived fit 
Deng and Messinger (2022)  International Journal of Research in Marketing USA Exp./survey/qual. C, M, A Categorization theory, schema congruity theory   Brand-extension fit 
Dens and de Pelsmacker (2010a) Marketing Letters Belgium Exp. Categorization theory Perceived fit   
Dens and de Pelsmacker (2010b) Journal of Business Research Belgium Exp. Associative network theory, categorization theory Perceived fit   
Dimitriu and Warlop (2022)  International Journal of Research in Marketing UK, USA Exp./survey   P, S Fit   
Dimitriu et al. (2017)  European Journal of Marketing Not specified Exp.   Perceived similarity   
Dwivedi et al. (2010)  Journal of Brand Management India Survey Categorization theory   Perceived fit   
Eren-Erdogmus et al. (2018)  Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management Turkey Exp. Categorization theory   Perceived fit   
Fang et al. (2024)  Electronic Commerce Research and Applications Japan, Taiwan, Thailand Survey   Perceived fit   
Fedorkhin et al. (2008)  Journal of Consumer Psychology USA Exp. Categorization theory   Fit, similarity   
Gierl and Huettl (2011)  International Journal of Research in Marketing Germany Exp. Categorization theory, schema congruity theory   P, S Perceived similarity   
Guo et al. (2018)  Psychology and Marketing China Survey   Perceived fit   
Hagtvedt and Patrick (2008)  Journal of Consumer Psychology USA Exp. Categorization theory   P, S Perceived fit   
Han and Schmitt (1997)  Journal of International Marketing USA, China Exp.   P, S Perceived fit 
Hem et al. (2003)  Journal of Marketing Management Norway Survey   P, S Similarity   
Herr et al. (1996)  Journal of Consumer Psychology USA Exp.   P, S Relatedness 
Hill and Lee (2015)  Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management USA Survey   Perceived fit   
Huang et al. (2017)  Psychology and Marketing China Exp. Construal level theory   Brand-extension fit   
Huber et al. (2013)  Journal of Brand Management China Exp. Categorization theory   Perceived fit, perceived congruity   
Jung and Tey (2010)  Journal of Product and Brand Management Not specified Exp. Schema congruity theory   Fit, extension similarity, incongruity 
Kalamas et al. (2006)  Journal of Strategic Marketing Not specified Survey Categorization theory   Extension fit   
Kapoor and Heslop (2009)  International Journal of Research in Marketing Canada Exp.   Fit   
Keller and Aaker (1992)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Exp.   Perceived fit, similarity 
Kim and John (2008)  Journal of Consumer Psychology Not specified Exp. Construal level theory   P, S Perceived fit 
Kim et al. (2014)  Journal of Business Research Korea, Canada Exp./survey   Parent-extension fit   
Klink and Smith (2001)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Exp. Categorization theory   Perceived fit   
Lane (2000)  Journal of Marketing USA Exp.   Fit, consistency, incongruity 
Lane and Jacobson (1997)  Marketing Letters USA Exp.   (In)congruity   
Lee (1994)  Journal of Business and Psychology USA Exp. Categorization theory Consistency   
Lei et al. (2004)  Journal of Service Research Europe Exp. Categorization theory   P, S Perceived similarity 
Leong (1997)  Journal of Consumer Marketing Singapore Exp.   Similarity   
Liang and Fu (2021)  Journal of Marketing Analytics Not specified Exp. Schema congruity theory   Perceived fit   
Liu and Hu (2012)  Psychology and Marketing China Exp.   Product fit, extension similarity   
Loken and John (1993)  Journal of Marketing USA Exp. Categorization theory Typicality 
Mao and Krishnan (2006)  Journal of Consumer Research USA Exp.   Extension fit   
Maoz and Tybout (2002)  Journal of Consumer Psychology USA Exp. Schema congruity theory   Perceived fit, (in)congruity   
Martin et al. (2005)  Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science USA Exp. Categorization theory   Fit, perceived similarity   
Mathur et al. (2012)  Journal of Consumer Psychology USA Exp.   Extension fit 
Mathur et al. (2023)  Journal of Marketing Not specified Exp.   Brand extension fit   
Meyers-Levy et al. (1994)  Journal of Applied Psychology USA Exp. Schema congruity theory   Congruity 
Meyvis and Janiszewski (2004)  Journal of Consumer Research USA Exp. Accessibility-diagnosticity theory   Similarity   
Milberg et al. (1997)  Journal of Consumer Psychology USA Exp. Categorization theory   Perceived consistency 
Milberg et al. (2010)  Journal of Consumer Research Not specified Exp.   Perceived fit   
Milberg et al. (2013)  Journal of Marketing Management Not specified Exp.   Extension fit   
Miniard et al. (2018)  Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science Not specified Exp./survey Inclusion/exclusion model   Fit   
Monga and John (2010)  Journal of Marketing USA Exp.   Extension fit, similarity, distance 
Morrin (1999)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Exp.   P, S Extension fit   
Morrin and Jacoby (2000)  Journal of Public Policy and Marketing USA Exp. Associative network theory   P, S Category similarity   
Nan (2006)  Psychology and Marketing USA Exp. Categorization theory   Perceived congruity 
O’Reilly et al. (2017)  Journal of Product and Brand Management USA Survey   Extension fit, similarity 
Oakley et al. (2008)  Journal of Consumer Research USA Exp.   Perceived fit 
Park et al. (1991)  Journal of Consumer Research USA Exp. Categorization theory   Perceived fit 
Peev and Kumar (2023)  Journal of Strategic Marketing USA Exp. Structure-mapping theory   Fit, perceived similarity 
Pina et al. (2010)  Journal of Marketing Management Norway, Spain Survey Associative network theory   Perceived fit   
Pontes (2018)  European Journal of Marketing Not specified Exp.   Perceived fit, perceived consistency   
Pontes and Pontes (2021)  Journal of Brand Management Not specified Exp.   Fit   
Pontes et al. (2024)  Journal of Consumer Behaviour USA Exp. Categorization theory   Perceived fit   
Ramanathan and Velayudhan (2015)  Journal of Brand Management India Survey Categorization theory   Fit   
Salinas and Pérez (2009)  Journal of Business Research Spain Survey Associative network theory, categorization theory   P, S Perceived fit   
Sar et al. (2011)  Psychology and Marketing USA Exp.   Extension fit   
Sattler et al. (2010)  International Journal of Research in Marketing Not specified Survey Categorization theory   Perceived fit   
Shine et al. (2007)  Journal of Marketing Research Korea Exp.   Perceived similarity / parent-extension similarity   
Smith and Andrews (1995)  Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science USA Survey Categorization theory   P, S Perceived fit 
Smith and Park (1992)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Survey C, M   Perceived similarity 
Spiggle et al. (2012)  Journal of Marketing Research USA Exp./survey Categorization theory   Brand extension fit 
Swaminathan et al. (2001)  Journal of Marketing Not specified Survey/sec.   Perceived fit   
Taylor and Bearden (2002)  Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science USA Exp.   Perceived similarity   
Torelli and Ahluwalia (2012)  Journal of Consumer Research USA Exp.   Perceived fit   
Völckner and Sattler (2006)  Journal of Marketing Germany Survey C, M, A Perceived fit   
Wang and Liu (2020)  Journal of Business Research China Exp./survey/sec.   Perceived fit, distance 
Wu et al. (2015)  European Journal of Marketing China Exp.   P, S Perceived product category fit   
Yeo and Park (2006)  Journal of Consumer Psychology Korea Exp. Categorization theory, schema congruity theory   Parent-extension similarity   
Yeung and Wyer (2005)  Journal of Marketing Research Not specified Exp. Categorization theory   Core-extension fit, core extension similarity   
Zhang and Sood (2002)  Journal of Consumer Research USA Exp.   Category similarity   
Zhang et al. (2020)  Psychology and Marketing USA Exp.   Perceived fit   
Zheng et al. (2019)  Journal of Retailing Not specified Exp. Comparison theory   Perceived fit   
Note(s):

Exp. = experiment; Sec. = secondary data; Qual. = qualitative; C = consumers; M = managers; A = academics; CE = category extension; LE = line extension; P = product; S = service; FD = new perceived fit definition; FO = new perceived fit operationalization

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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