Table 3 Barriers and enablers Enabler or... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3

Barriers and enablers

Enabler or barrier	Examples (positive and negative)
Adult Involvement	“Um, for school-wise, absolutely not. Um, it is very, like- you do kind of the same things every day, and there’s not a lot of teachers out there who will kind of form their own like criteria and stuff like around the students” [Lucas] “Well, my coach on the swim team has really pushed me to keep getting better, and I really thank her for that. All of my coaches actually have been really helpful. And my parents being there for me; driving me everywhere. Yep. Super supportive.” [Evan]. “Well, I think it’s very good for adults to facilitate different activities and stuff to motivate, like, youth leadership and stuff. Because when kids are doing activities, they’re not usually doing it to be told what to do. It’s the opposite. So, it’s very nice when the person facilitating that makes a point of kind of putting you in charge of how to … how you want to handle stuff” [Blake]
Access	“Previously, like without having a license, I couldn’t get drives” [Mila] “Um, when I was younger, I used to do gymnastics. And I’m in a military family, so I had to move away. And there were no gymnastic places within like an hour” [Evan] “I mean, I never really have the opportunity to like to get into stuff because usually other people are already there first. First come first serve” [Louis] “I- there’s a lot of, a bit of everything you can do, for … Yeah, about anything; at school.” [Mila]
Availability	“There’s quite a lot of options […] Well, there’s lots of stuff you can do” [Ezra] “I think they are very limited, because the school with its extracurriculars tries to, I don’t know, give a wide variety of different things. But a lot of them are not things that I would ever be interested in. Yeah, just my personal point of view” [Aria]. “Yeah, because they [school] have a bunch of sports teams and groups of like, things I’m interested in. And you can see all your friends, maybe you’re out there or they’re on the same team as you. Yeah, there’s many options. I think it’s like most mostly what you like, personally. And if you have friends, then you can play with them … and like, you have a fun time.” [George].
Time	“Genuinely just time [gets in the way of involvement]; my schedule is usually either very busy or empty. It’s all or nothing. Honestly, I- lately; it’s been everything. I’m very busy currently, and it’s not fun” [Oscar] “Because I don’t have a lot of time. I mean, that’s probably the main reason I don’t [get involved with more]. I go to school most of the day; I work mostly- like, four or five nights out of the week. So, I don’t have a lot of time” [Brittany]
Physical Ability	“My options are limited because I’m [disabled]. And semi-poor (laughs)” [Annie] “When you get good at something it, like, pushes you to keep going. If you’re not good at it, then you would not want to keep going” [Mila] “I had to stop playing hockey because it was hurting my back too much” [Amy]
Mental and Emotional ability	“So, I did end up recently stopping volleyball; I was not exactly halfway through the year- well, the club season. But I had to stop it just because I [was] deal[ing] with a lot of stress. And stress can really make me not feel motivated to do a whole lot of stuff. And I really needed to take that motivation and use it for my art because I, that’s where I want to be in the future” [Kaylee]
Technology	“Writing, like, I really enjoy it. But like, I don’t even have like a computer anymore. So when am I ever gonna go write? Am I gonna hand-write stuff?” [David] “I used to but it’s not something I’m super interested in now, mainly because the Wi-Fi is so slow that nothing is able to work” [Asher]
Environment	“I feel like it’s definitely important just to make sure that like you’re creating a space where everyone feels comfortable to be involved in an activity of some sort” [Brittany] “I stopped theatre as the school year is over, and the production only lasted so long. I stopped dance as I had to change dance teachers and was tired of constantly being criticised and told I’m not doing things/movements properly when I don’t have enough joint mobility to do so and had made that clear. Mixed martial arts got too competitive, and everything was about the next competition and the next chance to win and was no longer fun, as well as being there were only adult males that I had the opportunity to fight with” [Olivia] “I really like the fact that I can be surrounded by people who understand me as a person and I can understand them as people, um, and that it’s just there’s a wide variety of people” [Lucas] “Because I’ve been doing them for years, so it’s like family, the people. And it’s good for me” [Ashley] “Like I, I like having that little family that we go to. Even, even if like, we don’t play on the same team” [Kaylee]

Enabler or barrier	Examples (positive and negative)
Adult Involvement	“Um, for school-wise, absolutely not. Um, it is very, like- you do kind of the same things every day, and there’s not a lot of teachers out there who will kind of form their own like criteria and stuff like around the students” [Lucas]“Well, my coach on the swim team has really pushed me to keep getting better, and I really thank her for that. All of my coaches actually have been really helpful. And my parents being there for me; driving me everywhere. Yep. Super supportive.” [Evan].“Well, I think it’s very good for adults to facilitate different activities and stuff to motivate, like, youth leadership and stuff. Because when kids are doing activities, they’re not usually doing it to be told what to do. It’s the opposite. So, it’s very nice when the person facilitating that makes a point of kind of putting you in charge of how to … how you want to handle stuff” [Blake]
Access	“Previously, like without having a license, I couldn’t get drives” [Mila]“Um, when I was younger, I used to do gymnastics. And I’m in a military family, so I had to move away. And there were no gymnastic places within like an hour” [Evan]“I mean, I never really have the opportunity to like to get into stuff because usually other people are already there first. First come first serve” [Louis]“I- there’s a lot of, a bit of everything you can do, for … Yeah, about anything; at school.” [Mila]
Availability	“There’s quite a lot of options […] Well, there’s lots of stuff you can do” [Ezra]“I think they are very limited, because the school with its extracurriculars tries to, I don’t know, give a wide variety of different things. But a lot of them are not things that I would ever be interested in. Yeah, just my personal point of view” [Aria].“Yeah, because they [school] have a bunch of sports teams and groups of like, things I’m interested in. And you can see all your friends, maybe you’re out there or they’re on the same team as you. Yeah, there’s many options. I think it’s like most mostly what you like, personally. And if you have friends, then you can play with them … and like, you have a fun time.” [George].
Time	“Genuinely just time [gets in the way of involvement]; my schedule is usually either very busy or empty. It’s all or nothing. Honestly, I- lately; it’s been everything. I’m very busy currently, and it’s not fun” [Oscar]“Because I don’t have a lot of time. I mean, that’s probably the main reason I don’t [get involved with more]. I go to school most of the day; I work mostly- like, four or five nights out of the week. So, I don’t have a lot of time” [Brittany]
Physical Ability	“My options are limited because I’m [disabled]. And semi-poor (laughs)” [Annie]“When you get good at something it, like, pushes you to keep going. If you’re not good at it, then you would not want to keep going” [Mila]“I had to stop playing hockey because it was hurting my back too much” [Amy]
Mental and Emotional ability	“So, I did end up recently stopping volleyball; I was not exactly halfway through the year- well, the club season. But I had to stop it just because I [was] deal[ing] with a lot of stress. And stress can really make me not feel motivated to do a whole lot of stuff. And I really needed to take that motivation and use it for my art because I, that’s where I want to be in the future” [Kaylee]
Technology	“Writing, like, I really enjoy it. But like, I don’t even have like a computer anymore. So when am I ever gonna go write? Am I gonna hand-write stuff?” [David]“I used to but it’s not something I’m super interested in now, mainly because the Wi-Fi is so slow that nothing is able to work” [Asher]
Environment	“I feel like it’s definitely important just to make sure that like you’re creating a space where everyone feels comfortable to be involved in an activity of some sort” [Brittany]“I stopped theatre as the school year is over, and the production only lasted so long. I stopped dance as I had to change dance teachers and was tired of constantly being criticised and told I’m not doing things/movements properly when I don’t have enough joint mobility to do so and had made that clear. Mixed martial arts got too competitive, and everything was about the next competition and the next chance to win and was no longer fun, as well as being there were only adult males that I had the opportunity to fight with” [Olivia]“I really like the fact that I can be surrounded by people who understand me as a person and I can understand them as people, um, and that it’s just there’s a wide variety of people” [Lucas]“Because I’ve been doing them for years, so it’s like family, the people. And it’s good for me” [Ashley]“Like I, I like having that little family that we go to. Even, even if like, we don’t play on the same team” [Kaylee]

Source(s): Authors’ work