Table 1 Overview of emergent dynamics... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Overview of emergent dynamics across key domains in BO

Topic	Multilevel origin	Process orientation	Temporal sensitivity	Exemplary references
Inventory management (newsvendor problem)	Inputs contributed by different functions (e.g. sales, procurement, finance, logistics) collectively shape the informational base on which inventory decisions are made	The informational base is built through repeated cross-functional exchanges in which actors disclose, interpret, and integrate their respective inputs	Across successive planning cycles, stable patterns of disclosure and coordination emerge, gradually shaping the recurring informational landscape in which inventory decisions are made	Schweitzer and Cachon (2000), Gavirneni and Xia (2009), Oh et al. (2024)
Forecasting and forecast consensus in S&OP	Individual forecasts align through negotiation to yield team-level consensus plans	Consensus emerges through interactive negotiation and reconciliation of forecast inputs	Consensus formation progresses over multiple planning cycles, involving repeated exchanges and continual refinement of perspectives	Oliva and Watson (2011), Tuomikangas and Kaipia (2014), Stentoft et al. (2021)
Project management	Decisions made by individuals (e.g. task sequencing, risk tolerance, role boundaries) shape how teams coordinate and deliver project outcomes	Coordination forms through continuous engagement, integration of diverse perspectives, and mutual adjustment among project stakeholders	Coordination matures over the project duration, shaped by emergent challenges and critical decision points where significant choices are made	Bendoly and Swink (2007), Schoenner et al. (2017), Flyvbjerg (2021)
Buyer-supplier relationships	Behaviors and perceptions of boundary-spanning actors (e.g. buyers, technical contacts) influence alignment and trust formation at the inter-organizational relationship level	Trust unfolds through ongoing communication, reciprocal adaptation, and the reconciliation of expectations across organizational boundaries	Relational dynamics consolidate gradually with accumulated interactions affecting how trust develops and how roles, responsibilities, and expectations are interpreted and adjusted over time	Özer et al. (2018), Elmaghraby and Katok (2019), Goudarzi et al. (2023)
Productivity improvement	Individual problem-solving and improvement behaviors interact to give rise to team-level improvement capabilities	Improvement capabilities develop through peer interaction, shared use of tools, and alignment around operational issues	Improvement capabilities stabilize over time through repeated practice and mutual adjustment	Bandiera et al. (2013), Furlan et al. (2019), Galeazzo et al. (2024)
Product recall	Individual assessments of product-related anomalies (e.g. defects, complaints, safety signals) shape how recall issues are understood at the cross-functional level	Interpretations of anomaly signals are refined through iterative exchanges among actors from different areas (e.g. quality, operations, legal), as they confront divergent assessments and negotiate how the issue should be understood	As successive rounds of evaluation unfold, interaction patterns among involved functions gradually consolidate, shaping how anomaly signals are interpreted collectively and how differing risk perceptions converge toward a shared understanding of the issue	Ball et al. (2018), Mukherjee and Sinha (2018), Wowak et al. (2022)
New product development	Interactions among members with different attitudes (e.g. risk perception, autonomy) determine how they contribute to innovation processes, ultimately influencing team performance and the success of product development initiatives	Innovation unfolds through ongoing negotiation, knowledge exchange, and coordination among diverse stakeholders managing uncertainty and competing priorities	The new product development process evolves over time, influenced by arising uncertainties and cumulative learning from iterative cycles	vanBurg and vanOorschot (2013), Chen et al. (2015), Trott et al. (2024)
Load management and capacity utilization	Individual perceptions of workload and operational pressure (e.g. occupancy, accumulation, urgency cues) shape pacing and coordination behaviors among workers, giving rise to effective capacity availability at the unit level	Effective capacity availability emerges through interaction among workers, as individual pacing adjustments, coordination choices, and mutual responses to others' behavior combine at the unit level	Across successive work cycles, repeated interaction and mutual adjustment among workers gradually shape shared expectations about pacing and coordination, stabilizing how effective capacity is enacted	Kc and Terwiesch (2009), Batt and Terwiesch (2017), Cantor and Jin (2019)

Topic	Multilevel origin	Process orientation	Temporal sensitivity	Exemplary references
Inventory management (newsvendor problem)	Inputs contributed by different functions (e.g. sales, procurement, finance, logistics) collectively shape the informational base on which inventory decisions are made	The informational base is built through repeated cross-functional exchanges in which actors disclose, interpret, and integrate their respective inputs	Across successive planning cycles, stable patterns of disclosure and coordination emerge, gradually shaping the recurring informational landscape in which inventory decisions are made	Schweitzer and Cachon (2000), Gavirneni and Xia (2009), Oh et al. (2024)
Forecasting and forecast consensus in S&OP	Individual forecasts align through negotiation to yield team-level consensus plans	Consensus emerges through interactive negotiation and reconciliation of forecast inputs	Consensus formation progresses over multiple planning cycles, involving repeated exchanges and continual refinement of perspectives	Oliva and Watson (2011), Tuomikangas and Kaipia (2014), Stentoft et al. (2021)
Project management	Decisions made by individuals (e.g. task sequencing, risk tolerance, role boundaries) shape how teams coordinate and deliver project outcomes	Coordination forms through continuous engagement, integration of diverse perspectives, and mutual adjustment among project stakeholders	Coordination matures over the project duration, shaped by emergent challenges and critical decision points where significant choices are made	Bendoly and Swink (2007), Schoenner et al. (2017), Flyvbjerg (2021)
Buyer-supplier relationships	Behaviors and perceptions of boundary-spanning actors (e.g. buyers, technical contacts) influence alignment and trust formation at the inter-organizational relationship level	Trust unfolds through ongoing communication, reciprocal adaptation, and the reconciliation of expectations across organizational boundaries	Relational dynamics consolidate gradually with accumulated interactions affecting how trust develops and how roles, responsibilities, and expectations are interpreted and adjusted over time	Özer et al. (2018), Elmaghraby and Katok (2019), Goudarzi et al. (2023)
Productivity improvement	Individual problem-solving and improvement behaviors interact to give rise to team-level improvement capabilities	Improvement capabilities develop through peer interaction, shared use of tools, and alignment around operational issues	Improvement capabilities stabilize over time through repeated practice and mutual adjustment	Bandiera et al. (2013), Furlan et al. (2019), Galeazzo et al. (2024)
Product recall	Individual assessments of product-related anomalies (e.g. defects, complaints, safety signals) shape how recall issues are understood at the cross-functional level	Interpretations of anomaly signals are refined through iterative exchanges among actors from different areas (e.g. quality, operations, legal), as they confront divergent assessments and negotiate how the issue should be understood	As successive rounds of evaluation unfold, interaction patterns among involved functions gradually consolidate, shaping how anomaly signals are interpreted collectively and how differing risk perceptions converge toward a shared understanding of the issue	Ball et al. (2018), Mukherjee and Sinha (2018), Wowak et al. (2022)
New product development	Interactions among members with different attitudes (e.g. risk perception, autonomy) determine how they contribute to innovation processes, ultimately influencing team performance and the success of product development initiatives	Innovation unfolds through ongoing negotiation, knowledge exchange, and coordination among diverse stakeholders managing uncertainty and competing priorities	The new product development process evolves over time, influenced by arising uncertainties and cumulative learning from iterative cycles	vanBurg and vanOorschot (2013), Chen et al. (2015), Trott et al. (2024)
Load management and capacity utilization	Individual perceptions of workload and operational pressure (e.g. occupancy, accumulation, urgency cues) shape pacing and coordination behaviors among workers, giving rise to effective capacity availability at the unit level	Effective capacity availability emerges through interaction among workers, as individual pacing adjustments, coordination choices, and mutual responses to others' behavior combine at the unit level	Across successive work cycles, repeated interaction and mutual adjustment among workers gradually shape shared expectations about pacing and coordination, stabilizing how effective capacity is enacted	Kc and Terwiesch (2009), Batt and Terwiesch (2017), Cantor and Jin (2019)

Source(s): Authors' own elaboration