Table 1 Descriptive statistics and... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Descriptive statistics and correlations

	Mean	S.D.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
(1) Pay gap	7.09	4.50	1.000
(2) Ownership power gap	0.15	0.21	0.023	1.000
(3) Prestige power gap	0.20	0.20	0.143***	0.194***	1.000
(4) Expert power gap	0.09	0.28	0.077***	0.206***	0.237***	1.000
(5) Structural power gap	0.13	0.34	0.096***	0.078***	0.093***	−0.014	1.000
(6) Celebrity gap	2.89	4.87	0.035	0.010	0.035	0.030	0.086***	1.000
(7) Gender	−0.07	0.37	0.032	−0.037	0.109***	−0.072**	−0.022	−0.076**	1.000
(8) Education	−0.09	0.68	−0.053*	−0.015	0.010	−0.021	0.016	−0.035	0.001	1.000
(9) ROA	6.53	6.52	−0.087***	0.056*	−0.048*	0.078***	−0.108***	−0.033	−0.019	−0.028	1.000
(10) Firm age	36.60	19.80	0.032	−0.187***	−0.066**	−0.147***	0.125***	0.120***	0.019	−0.063**	−0.054*	1.000
(11) Firm size	0	1	−0.189***	−0.018	0.014	−0.038	−0.037	0.243***	−0.100***	0.014	0.109***	0.038	1.000
(12) Leverage	0.28	0.19	−0.007	−0.018	−0.096***	0.000	−0.097***	−0.015	0.030	−0.065**	−0.020	−0.023	−0.073*	1.000
(13) Board size	10.92	2.21	0.057**	−0.147***	−0.068**	−0.054*	0.084***	0.138***	−0.054*	−0.011	−0.154***	0.253***	0.092	−0.088*	1.000
(14) Board nationality mix	0.16	0.20	−0.056**	−0.022	0.022	0.040	−0.032	−0.016	−0.058**	−0.031	0.002	−0.068**	0.023*	0.004	0.067*	1.000
(15) Board gender ratio	0.76	0.09	−0.044	0.096***	0.037	0.037	−0.074***	−0.064**	0.089***	0.028	0.008	−0.197***	−0.127*	0.028	−0.075*	0.015	1.000

	Mean	S.D.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
(1) Pay gap	7.09	4.50	1.000
(2) Ownership power gap	0.15	0.21	0.023	1.000
(3) Prestige power gap	0.20	0.20	0.143***	0.194***	1.000
(4) Expert power gap	0.09	0.28	0.077***	0.206***	0.237***	1.000
(5) Structural power gap	0.13	0.34	0.096***	0.078***	0.093***	−0.014	1.000
(6) Celebrity gap	2.89	4.87	0.035	0.010	0.035	0.030	0.086***	1.000
(7) Gender	−0.07	0.37	0.032	−0.037	0.109***	−0.072**	−0.022	−0.076**	1.000
(8) Education	−0.09	0.68	−0.053*	−0.015	0.010	−0.021	0.016	−0.035	0.001	1.000
(9) ROA	6.53	6.52	−0.087***	0.056*	−0.048*	0.078***	−0.108***	−0.033	−0.019	−0.028	1.000
(10) Firm age	36.60	19.80	0.032	−0.187***	−0.066**	−0.147***	0.125***	0.120***	0.019	−0.063**	−0.054*	1.000
(11) Firm size	0	1	−0.189***	−0.018	0.014	−0.038	−0.037	0.243***	−0.100***	0.014	0.109***	0.038	1.000
(12) Leverage	0.28	0.19	−0.007	−0.018	−0.096***	0.000	−0.097***	−0.015	0.030	−0.065**	−0.020	−0.023	−0.073*	1.000
(13) Board size	10.92	2.21	0.057**	−0.147***	−0.068**	−0.054*	0.084***	0.138***	−0.054*	−0.011	−0.154***	0.253***	0.092	−0.088*	1.000
(14) Board nationality mix	0.16	0.20	−0.056**	−0.022	0.022	0.040	−0.032	−0.016	−0.058**	−0.031	0.002	−0.068**	0.023*	0.004	0.067*	1.000
(15) Board gender ratio	0.76	0.09	−0.044	0.096***	0.037	0.037	−0.074***	−0.064**	0.089***	0.028	0.008	−0.197***	−0.127*	0.028	−0.075*	0.015	1.000

Note(s): ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

precise p-values are available from the authors

Source(s): Authors’ own work