Robustness check with the CEO−CFO celebrity gap (measured including negative articles) as a dependent variable and CEO−CFO power gaps as independent variables
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | CEO−CFO celebrity gap | CEO−CFO celebrity gap | CEO−CFO celebrity gap | CEO−CFO celebrity gap |
| CEO−CFO ownership power gap | 0.912 | |||
| (0.700) | ||||
| CEO−CFO prestige power gap | 1.449* | |||
| (0.752) | ||||
| CEO−CFO expert power gap | 1.074** | |||
| (0.520) | ||||
| CEO−CFO structural power gap | 1.022** | |||
| (0.414) | ||||
| Gender | −0.937** | −1.063*** | −0.909** | −0.960** |
| (0.384) | (0.386) | (0.384) | (0.383) | |
| Education | −0.198 | −0.204 | −0.203 | −0.205 |
| (0.210) | (0.210) | (0.210) | (0.209) | |
| ROA | −0.026 | −0.023 | −0.029 | −0.021 |
| (0.022) | (0.022) | (0.022) | (0.022) | |
| Firm age | 0.014* | 0.013* | 0.014* | 0.011 |
| (0.008) | (0.008) | (0.008) | (0.008) | |
| Firm size | 1.383*** | 1.386*** | 1.401*** | 1.397*** |
| (0.172) | (0.172) | (0.172) | (0.171) | |
| Leverage | −0.195 | −0.063 | −0.223 | −0.066 |
| (0.764) | (0.768) | (0.762) | (0.764) | |
| Board size | 0.202*** | 0.201*** | 0.199*** | 0.188*** |
| (0.068) | (0.068) | (0.067) | (0.067) | |
| Board nationality mix | −0.311 | −0.370 | −0.320 | −0.302 |
| (0.736) | (0.736) | (0.735) | (0.734) | |
| Board gender ratio | −0.573 | −0.474 | −0.352 | −0.246 |
| (1.671) | (1.663) | (1.661) | (1.660) | |
| Constant | 0.678 | 0.410 | 0.568 | 0.647 |
| (1.617) | (1.624) | (1.617) | (1.614) | |
| Observations | 1,073 | 1,072 | 1,073 | 1,073 |
| Number of years | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Industry classification code | Included | Included | Included | Included |
| Year dummies | Included | Included | Included | Included |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | CEO−CFO celebrity gap | CEO−CFO celebrity gap | CEO−CFO celebrity gap | CEO−CFO celebrity gap |
| CEO−CFO ownership power gap | 0.912 | |||
| (0.700) | ||||
| CEO−CFO prestige power gap | 1.449* | |||
| (0.752) | ||||
| CEO−CFO expert power gap | 1.074** | |||
| (0.520) | ||||
| CEO−CFO structural power gap | 1.022** | |||
| (0.414) | ||||
| Gender | −0.937** | −1.063*** | −0.909** | −0.960** |
| (0.384) | (0.386) | (0.384) | (0.383) | |
| Education | −0.198 | −0.204 | −0.203 | −0.205 |
| (0.210) | (0.210) | (0.210) | (0.209) | |
| ROA | −0.026 | −0.023 | −0.029 | −0.021 |
| (0.022) | (0.022) | (0.022) | (0.022) | |
| Firm age | 0.014* | 0.013* | 0.014* | 0.011 |
| (0.008) | (0.008) | (0.008) | (0.008) | |
| Firm size | 1.383*** | 1.386*** | 1.401*** | 1.397*** |
| (0.172) | (0.172) | (0.172) | (0.171) | |
| Leverage | −0.195 | −0.063 | −0.223 | −0.066 |
| (0.764) | (0.768) | (0.762) | (0.764) | |
| Board size | 0.202*** | 0.201*** | 0.199*** | 0.188*** |
| (0.068) | (0.068) | (0.067) | (0.067) | |
| Board nationality mix | −0.311 | −0.370 | −0.320 | −0.302 |
| (0.736) | (0.736) | (0.735) | (0.734) | |
| Board gender ratio | −0.573 | −0.474 | −0.352 | −0.246 |
| (1.671) | (1.663) | (1.661) | (1.660) | |
| Constant | 0.678 | 0.410 | 0.568 | 0.647 |
| (1.617) | (1.624) | (1.617) | (1.614) | |
| Observations | 1,073 | 1,072 | 1,073 | 1,073 |
| Number of years | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Industry classification code | Included | Included | Included | Included |
| Year dummies | Included | Included | Included | Included |
Note(s): ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1; standard errors in parentheses; precise p-values are available from the authors
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