Description of the variables used and their expected signs in the regression
| Variable type | Symbols | Variable description/definition | Database used |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variablesMental disorders | MH | Share of the population with mental health disorders out of the total population. According to the IHME, it includes anxiety disorders, depression disorders, schizophrenia, drug and alcohol disorders, bipolar disorders, and eating disorders |
|
| Depressive disorders | DE | Depressive disorders range in severity from disaggregation to moderate persistent depression (dysthymia) to major depressive disorder (MDD) (severe) | |
| Anxiety disorders | AD | Phobias, social anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and generalized anxiety disorders are examples of anxiety disorders | |
| Alcohol use disorders | AUD | Annual average alcohol consumption of alcohol, expressed per person aged 15 years or older, reported in litres of pure alcohol per year | |
| Bipolar disorder | BD | Bipolar disorder is a condition in which a person’s mood and activity levels are affected by a wide range of factors, ranging from low energy and activity (mania) to hypomania (hypomania) or depression | |
| Drug use disorders | DUD | According to the UNODC’s categorization, opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabis are the illegal drug classes that are utilized in worldwide statistics | |
| Eating disorders | ED | Eating disorders are mental diseases characterized by abnormal eating practices. As a result, this encompasses a wide range of disordered eating behaviors; a considerable proportion of eating disorders come under the definitions of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa | |
| Schizophrenia | S | Schizophrenia is characterized by echoes of thought, insertions or withdrawal, and broadcasting of thoughts. It can cause hallucinations, delusions of control, influence, or passivity, or hallucinations of body parts moving or reacting abnormally |
| Variable type | Symbols | Variable description/definition | Database used |
|---|---|---|---|
| Share of the population with mental health disorders out of the total population. According to the IHME, it includes anxiety disorders, depression disorders, schizophrenia, drug and alcohol disorders, bipolar disorders, and eating disorders | Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation ( Global Burden of Disease ( World Health Organisation ( | ||
| Depressive disorders | Depressive disorders range in severity from disaggregation to moderate persistent depression (dysthymia) to major depressive disorder ( | ||
| Anxiety disorders | Phobias, social anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder ( | ||
| Alcohol use disorders | Annual average alcohol consumption of alcohol, expressed per person aged 15 years or older, reported in litres of pure alcohol per year | ||
| Bipolar disorder | Bipolar disorder is a condition in which a person’s mood and activity levels are affected by a wide range of factors, ranging from low energy and activity (mania) to hypomania (hypomania) or depression | ||
| Drug use disorders | According to the UNODC’s categorization, opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabis are the illegal drug classes that are utilized in worldwide statistics | ||
| Eating disorders | Eating disorders are mental diseases characterized by abnormal eating practices. As a result, this encompasses a wide range of disordered eating behaviors; a considerable proportion of eating disorders come under the definitions of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa | ||
| Schizophrenia | S | Schizophrenia is characterized by echoes of thought, insertions or withdrawal, and broadcasting of thoughts. It can cause hallucinations, delusions of control, influence, or passivity, or hallucinations of body parts moving or reacting abnormally |
| Independent variables (IV) | Symbols | Variable description/definition | Exptd. Sign | Database used |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unemployment | UN | % of the unemployed population (out of the total population) | +/− | WDI |
| GDP per Capita growth | GDPPCG | GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2017 international $) | +/− | WDI |
| Globalization index | GLOB | The KOF globalization index measures the economic, social, and political aspects of globalization | +/− | KOF GLOBALIZATION INDEX |
| Urbanization | URBAN | % of urbanisation population (out of the total population) | +/− | WDI |
| Out-of-school child | OSC | % of children out of school | − | WDI |
| Institutions | INST | The institutional variable is comprised of the sum of the five most essential governance metrics: (1) government stability, (2) law and order, (3) corruption, (4 bureaucracy quality, and (5) investment profile | +/− | ICRG |
| Varieties of democracy | DEMO | Electoral democracy (elecdem), liberal democracy (liberdem), deliberative democracy (delibdem), egalitarian democracy (egalitdem), participatory democracy (participdem) | +/− | Varieties of Democracy Dataset v11 |
| Independent variables ( | Symbols | Variable description/definition | Exptd. Sign | Database used |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unemployment | % of the unemployed population (out of the total population) | +/− | ||
| +/− | ||||
| Globalization index | The | +/− | ||
| Urbanization | % of urbanisation population (out of the total population) | +/− | ||
| Out-of-school child | % of children out of school | − | ||
| Institutions | The institutional variable is comprised of the sum of the five most essential governance metrics: (1) government stability, (2) law and order, (3) corruption, (4 bureaucracy quality, and (5) investment profile | +/− | ||
| Varieties of democracy | Electoral democracy (elecdem), liberal democracy (liberdem), deliberative democracy (delibdem), egalitarian democracy (egalitdem), participatory democracy (participdem) | +/− | Varieties of Democracy Dataset v11 |
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