Factors influencing users' preference for PSP in water infrastructure provision
| Factors | Mean | Std. Deviation | Interpretation | Test value = 3.0 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t | df | p-value | Mean difference | ||||
| Transparency in charges | 4.22 | 0.982 | M-H | 26.075 | 436 | 0.000 | 1.22 |
| Better quality of service to consumers | 4.19 | 1.072 | M-H | 23.580 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.19 |
| Improved quality of product supply | 4.16 | 1.095 | M-H | 22.470 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.16 |
| Safety and security of service supply | 4.13 | 1.053 | M-H | 22.828 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.13 |
| Technical/Operational competence | 4.13 | 1.080 | M-H | 22.255 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.13 |
| Improved service reliability and continuity | 4.13 | 1.080 | M-H | 22.227 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.13 |
| Productivity and efficiency in service delivery | 4.07 | 1.075 | M-H | 20.755 | 433 | 0.000 | 1.07 |
| Increased accessibility to infrastructure services | 4.07 | 1.059 | M-H | 21.452 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.07 |
| Increased investment in infrastructure services | 4.06 | 1.053 | M-H | 21.390 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.06 |
| Managerial expertise | 4.03 | 1.139 | M-H | 19.245 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.03 |
| Availability of a standard regulatory framework | 4.00 | 1.029 | M-H | 20.670 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.00 |
| Reduced the need for resources on backup facilities | 4.00 | 1.127 | M-H | 18.827 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.00 |
| Sustainable pricing policies | 4.00 | 1.071 | M-H | 19.521 | 436 | 0.000 | 1.00 |
| Reduction in wasteful cost | 4.00 | 1.048 | M-H | 19.919 | 435 | 0.000 | 1.00 |
| Increased availability of resources for investing in expansion | 4.00 | 1.057 | M-H | 19.973 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.00 |
| Improved financial discipline | 3.99 | 1.050 | M-H | 19.980 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.99 |
| Expansion of service delivery | 3.96 | 1.028 | M-H | 19.522 | 433 | 0.000 | 0.96 |
| Reduction of leakages and wastages | 3.95 | 1.152 | M-H | 17.164 | 433 | 0.000 | 0.95 |
| Improvement in the financial performance of the infrastructure | 3.90 | 1.105 | M-H | 17.274 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.90 |
| Attempt by PSP to cut expenditure on safety and security of supply for an increased profit margin | 3.89 | 1.071 | M-H | 17.103 | 420 | 0.000 | 0.89 |
| Reduction in prices of infrastructure services | 3.86 | 1.009 | M-H | 18.182 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.86 |
| Efficient personnel management | 3.86 | 1.114 | M-H | 16.339 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.86 |
| Improved self-sustainability of infrastructure services | 3.83 | 1.029 | M-H | 17.138 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.83 |
| Increase in employment | 3.82 | 1.061 | M-H | 16.489 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.82 |
| Adequate allocation and management of associated risk in the investment | 3.81 | 1.103 | M-H | 15.515 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.81 |
| Improvement in the enforcement of environmental protection laws | 3.80 | 1.075 | M-H | 15.876 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.80 |
| Availability of resources for investing in expansion | 3.78 | 1.053 | M-H | 15.509 | 435 | 0.000 | 0.78 |
| Reduced financial losses | 3.78 | 1.072 | M-H | 14.915 | 420 | 0.000 | 0.78 |
| Opportunity to improve the Nation's fiscal policy | 3.72 | 1.283 | M-H | 11.784 | 436 | 0.000 | 0.72 |
| Effective revenue collection of user fees | 3.70 | 1.029 | M-H | 14.518 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.70 |
| Opportunity for government to raise revenue for much-needed social programs | 3.67 | 1.128 | M-H | 12.575 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.67 |
| Inclusion of environmental norms in private participation arrangement | 3.62 | 1.085 | M-H | 11.956 | 435 | 0.000 | 0.62 |
| Increase in wages and salaries | 3.62 | 1.127 | M-H | 11.454 | 433 | 0.000 | 0.62 |
| Private participation may warrant laying off staff | 3.59 | 1.046 | M-H | 11.947 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.59 |
| Increase in prices of services | 3.51 | 1.375 | M-H | 7.751 | 433 | 0.000 | 0.51 |
| Possibilities of private participation leading to corruption | 3.47 | 1.064 | H | 9.115 | 433 | 0.000 | 0.47 |
| Reduced financial constraints on the government | 3.37 | 1.101 | H | 7.104 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.37 |
| Service may be less accessible to the poor | 3.26 | 1.108 | H | 4.937 | 433 | 0.000 | 0.26 |
| Service may be less affordable to low-income earners | 3.23 | 0.962 | H | 4.988 | 433 | 0.000 | 0.23 |
| Reduction in revenue to the government | 3.15 | 1.202 | H | 2.631 | 435 | 0.009 | 0.15 |
| Reduction in employment | 3.14 | 1.158 | H | 2.529 | 433 | 0.012 | 0.14 |
| Private participation may allow for competition | 3.08 | 1.237 | H | 1.317 | 435 | 0.189 | 0.08 |
| Overall | 3.81 | 0.9155 | M-H | 18.733 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.81 |
| Factors | Mean | Std. Deviation | Interpretation | Test value = 3.0 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t | df | Mean difference | |||||
| Transparency in charges | 4.22 | 0.982 | M-H | 26.075 | 436 | 0.000 | 1.22 |
| Better quality of service to consumers | 4.19 | 1.072 | M-H | 23.580 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.19 |
| Improved quality of product supply | 4.16 | 1.095 | M-H | 22.470 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.16 |
| Safety and security of service supply | 4.13 | 1.053 | M-H | 22.828 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.13 |
| Technical/Operational competence | 4.13 | 1.080 | M-H | 22.255 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.13 |
| Improved service reliability and continuity | 4.13 | 1.080 | M-H | 22.227 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.13 |
| Productivity and efficiency in service delivery | 4.07 | 1.075 | M-H | 20.755 | 433 | 0.000 | 1.07 |
| Increased accessibility to infrastructure services | 4.07 | 1.059 | M-H | 21.452 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.07 |
| Increased investment in infrastructure services | 4.06 | 1.053 | M-H | 21.390 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.06 |
| Managerial expertise | 4.03 | 1.139 | M-H | 19.245 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.03 |
| Availability of a standard regulatory framework | 4.00 | 1.029 | M-H | 20.670 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.00 |
| Reduced the need for resources on backup facilities | 4.00 | 1.127 | M-H | 18.827 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.00 |
| Sustainable pricing policies | 4.00 | 1.071 | M-H | 19.521 | 436 | 0.000 | 1.00 |
| Reduction in wasteful cost | 4.00 | 1.048 | M-H | 19.919 | 435 | 0.000 | 1.00 |
| Increased availability of resources for investing in expansion | 4.00 | 1.057 | M-H | 19.973 | 449 | 0.000 | 1.00 |
| Improved financial discipline | 3.99 | 1.050 | M-H | 19.980 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.99 |
| Expansion of service delivery | 3.96 | 1.028 | M-H | 19.522 | 433 | 0.000 | 0.96 |
| Reduction of leakages and wastages | 3.95 | 1.152 | M-H | 17.164 | 433 | 0.000 | 0.95 |
| Improvement in the financial performance of the infrastructure | 3.90 | 1.105 | M-H | 17.274 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.90 |
| Attempt by PSP to cut expenditure on safety and security of supply for an increased profit margin | 3.89 | 1.071 | M-H | 17.103 | 420 | 0.000 | 0.89 |
| Reduction in prices of infrastructure services | 3.86 | 1.009 | M-H | 18.182 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.86 |
| Efficient personnel management | 3.86 | 1.114 | M-H | 16.339 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.86 |
| Improved self-sustainability of infrastructure services | 3.83 | 1.029 | M-H | 17.138 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.83 |
| Increase in employment | 3.82 | 1.061 | M-H | 16.489 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.82 |
| Adequate allocation and management of associated risk in the investment | 3.81 | 1.103 | M-H | 15.515 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.81 |
| Improvement in the enforcement of environmental protection laws | 3.80 | 1.075 | M-H | 15.876 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.80 |
| Availability of resources for investing in expansion | 3.78 | 1.053 | M-H | 15.509 | 435 | 0.000 | 0.78 |
| Reduced financial losses | 3.78 | 1.072 | M-H | 14.915 | 420 | 0.000 | 0.78 |
| Opportunity to improve the Nation's fiscal policy | 3.72 | 1.283 | M-H | 11.784 | 436 | 0.000 | 0.72 |
| Effective revenue collection of user fees | 3.70 | 1.029 | M-H | 14.518 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.70 |
| Opportunity for government to raise revenue for much-needed social programs | 3.67 | 1.128 | M-H | 12.575 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.67 |
| Inclusion of environmental norms in private participation arrangement | 3.62 | 1.085 | M-H | 11.956 | 435 | 0.000 | 0.62 |
| Increase in wages and salaries | 3.62 | 1.127 | M-H | 11.454 | 433 | 0.000 | 0.62 |
| Private participation may warrant laying off staff | 3.59 | 1.046 | M-H | 11.947 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.59 |
| Increase in prices of services | 3.51 | 1.375 | M-H | 7.751 | 433 | 0.000 | 0.51 |
| Possibilities of private participation leading to corruption | 3.47 | 1.064 | H | 9.115 | 433 | 0.000 | 0.47 |
| Reduced financial constraints on the government | 3.37 | 1.101 | H | 7.104 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.37 |
| Service may be less accessible to the poor | 3.26 | 1.108 | H | 4.937 | 433 | 0.000 | 0.26 |
| Service may be less affordable to low-income earners | 3.23 | 0.962 | H | 4.988 | 433 | 0.000 | 0.23 |
| Reduction in revenue to the government | 3.15 | 1.202 | H | 2.631 | 435 | 0.009 | 0.15 |
| Reduction in employment | 3.14 | 1.158 | H | 2.529 | 433 | 0.012 | 0.14 |
| Private participation may allow for competition | 3.08 | 1.237 | H | 1.317 | 435 | 0.189 | 0.08 |
| 3.81 | 0.9155 | M-H | 18.733 | 449 | 0.000 | 0.81 | |
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