Variables definition
| Construct | Item code | Question | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ai tool quality | QUA1 | I Can access AI chatbot services at any time and from anywhere | Davis et al. (1992), Niu et al. (2024), Venkatesh and Davis (2000) |
| QUA2 | I have no problems with the quality of AI chatbot results | ||
| QUA3 | The results I get from AI chatbots are of high quality | ||
| QUA4 | AI chatbots enhance interactive communication | ||
| AI Informativeness | INF1 | The AI chatbot provides up-to-date information | Changalima et al. (2024), Mohammadi (2015), Niu et al. (2024), Wang and Wang (2009) |
| INF2 | The AI chatbot provides accurate information in response to my questions | ||
| INF3 | The AI chatbot provides me with relevant information | ||
| INF4 | The AI chatbot offers detailed and insightful information | ||
| INF5 | The AI chatbot delivers information quickly and in an organized manner | ||
| Social Influence | SI1 | My peers think that I should use AI chatbots as a learning tool | Alami and El Idrissi (2022), Changalima et al. (2024) |
| SI2 | Most of my peers demonstrate their technical skills in using AI chatbot platforms efficiently | ||
| SI3 | Influential individuals in my circle suggest that I use AI chatbots | ||
| Perceived Usefulness | PU1 | Incorporating AI chatbots into my academic work will enhance my productivity | Alami and El Idrissi (2022), Boubker (2024) |
| PU2 | Utilizing AI chatbots can enhance my academic skills | ||
| PU3 | I genuinely see AI chatbots as excellent tools in my academic journey | ||
| PU4 | Utilizing AI chatbots will save me time and money | ||
| Satisfaction | SAT1 | AI chatbots will be crucial in academic activities in the coming years | Alyoussef (2021), Boubker (2024) |
| SAT2 | I am pretty satisfied with my decision to use AI chatbots | ||
| SAT3 | I am satisfied with my past experiences using AI chatbots | ||
| SAT4 | Using AI chatbots is a smart choice for me | ||
| Tast Technology Fit | TTF1 | AI chatbot services integrate smoothly into my workflow | Al-Mamary et al. (2024), Alyoussef (2021) |
| TTF2 | AI chatbot services are becoming increasingly essential for my academic tasks | ||
| TTF3 | AI chatbot services fulfill my academic needs | ||
| TTF4 | AI Chatbot services align with my lifestyle, culture, and values | ||
| Actual Usage | USA1 | I use AI chatbots very regularly in my academic activities | Al-Mamary et al. (2024), Mohammadi (2015), Stöhr et al. (2024), Wang and Li (2024) |
| USA2 | I believe that people will increasingly utilize AI chatbots | ||
| USA3 | I plan to keep using AI chatbots in the future | ||
| USA4 | Using AI chatbots is an entirely personal and voluntary choice to enhance my educational pursuits | ||
| Academic Productivity | ACP1 | Using AI chatbots has improved my academic performance | Alyoussef (2021), Damnjanovic et al. (2015), Guidoum and Saadi (2024), Isaac et al. (2023), Niu et al. (2024) |
| ACP2 | Integrating AI chatbots into my learning process has enhanced my overall academic productivity | ||
| ACP3 | AI chatbots enhance my knowledge and academic performance | ||
| ACP4 | The services offered by AI chatbots help me gain new knowledge and skills | ||
| ACP5 | AI chatbot services assist me in identifying and overcoming challenges in my academic pursuits | ||
| ACP6 | Utilizing AI chatbots has enhanced the development of my research mindset across various fields |
| Construct | Item code | Question | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ai tool quality | QUA1 | I Can access AI chatbot services at any time and from anywhere | |
| QUA2 | I have no problems with the quality of AI chatbot results | ||
| QUA3 | The results I get from AI chatbots are of high quality | ||
| QUA4 | AI chatbots enhance interactive communication | ||
| AI Informativeness | INF1 | The AI chatbot provides up-to-date information | |
| INF2 | The AI chatbot provides accurate information in response to my questions | ||
| INF3 | The AI chatbot provides me with relevant information | ||
| INF4 | The AI chatbot offers detailed and insightful information | ||
| INF5 | The AI chatbot delivers information quickly and in an organized manner | ||
| Social Influence | SI1 | My peers think that I should use AI chatbots as a learning tool | |
| SI2 | Most of my peers demonstrate their technical skills in using AI chatbot platforms efficiently | ||
| SI3 | Influential individuals in my circle suggest that I use AI chatbots | ||
| Perceived Usefulness | PU1 | Incorporating AI chatbots into my academic work will enhance my productivity | |
| PU2 | Utilizing AI chatbots can enhance my academic skills | ||
| PU3 | I genuinely see AI chatbots as excellent tools in my academic journey | ||
| PU4 | Utilizing AI chatbots will save me time and money | ||
| Satisfaction | SAT1 | AI chatbots will be crucial in academic activities in the coming years | |
| SAT2 | I am pretty satisfied with my decision to use AI chatbots | ||
| SAT3 | I am satisfied with my past experiences using AI chatbots | ||
| SAT4 | Using AI chatbots is a smart choice for me | ||
| Tast Technology Fit | TTF1 | AI chatbot services integrate smoothly into my workflow | |
| TTF2 | AI chatbot services are becoming increasingly essential for my academic tasks | ||
| TTF3 | AI chatbot services fulfill my academic needs | ||
| TTF4 | AI Chatbot services align with my lifestyle, culture, and values | ||
| Actual Usage | USA1 | I use AI chatbots very regularly in my academic activities | |
| USA2 | I believe that people will increasingly utilize AI chatbots | ||
| USA3 | I plan to keep using AI chatbots in the future | ||
| USA4 | Using AI chatbots is an entirely personal and voluntary choice to enhance my educational pursuits | ||
| Academic Productivity | ACP1 | Using AI chatbots has improved my academic performance | |
| ACP2 | Integrating AI chatbots into my learning process has enhanced my overall academic productivity | ||
| ACP3 | AI chatbots enhance my knowledge and academic performance | ||
| ACP4 | The services offered by AI chatbots help me gain new knowledge and skills | ||
| ACP5 | AI chatbot services assist me in identifying and overcoming challenges in my academic pursuits | ||
| ACP6 | Utilizing AI chatbots has enhanced the development of my research mindset across various fields |
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