Table 1 Themes mapped to SPT elements,...

Table 1

Themes mapped to SPT elements, research questions, and key evidence

Theme	RQ(s)	Meanings (local anchors)	Materials (institutional)	Competences (skills developed)	Key evidence
1: Fragmented understandings	RQ1	Imported ethics → welfare/responsibility	SDG/ESG policies, global rankings	Short-term actions (carpooling, recycling)	“Carbon footprint … just a phrase”; “Sustainability sounds imported”
2: Language and meaning	RQ1, RQ2	Welfare development → sustainability	Course titles, assignment framing	Purpose-driven engagement	“Social Innovation … more dynamic”; “Sustainable Development unattractive”
3: Open laboratory	RQ1, RQ2, RQ3	Stewardship via experience	Clubs, CBL, dashboards	Problem-solving, collaboration	“Actually doing something”; “Campus as open lab”
4: Professional mindset	RQ1, RQ2	Profit → ethics/employability	Employer cases, ESG disclosures	ESG analysis, accountability	“Start profit-focused, end ESG links”

Theme	RQ(s)	Meanings (local anchors)	Materials (institutional)	Competences (skills developed)	Key evidence
1: Fragmented understandings	RQ1	Imported ethics → welfare/responsibility	SDG/ESG policies, global rankings	Short-term actions (carpooling, recycling)	“Carbon footprint … just a phrase”; “Sustainability sounds imported”
2: Language and meaning	RQ1, RQ2	Welfare development → sustainability	Course titles, assignment framing	Purpose-driven engagement	“Social Innovation … more dynamic”; “Sustainable Development unattractive”
3: Open laboratory	RQ1, RQ2, RQ3	Stewardship via experience	Clubs, CBL, dashboards	Problem-solving, collaboration	“Actually doing something”; “Campus as open lab”
4: Professional mindset	RQ1, RQ2	Profit → ethics/employability	Employer cases, ESG disclosures	ESG analysis, accountability	“Start profit-focused, end ESG links”