Table 3 Mean score ranking of primary...

Table 3

Mean score ranking of primary preventive measures

Primary preventive measure	Source	Mean	Std. deviation	Rank
Equal pay for performance	Suresh et al. (2023)	5.04	1.585	1
Domestic responsibility sharing	Perera et al. (2022)	5.02	1.616	2
Open-door policy for support	Lingard and Lin (2004), Vaidya et al. (2023)	4.88	1.683	3
Smart technologies to manage workloads	Perera et al. (2022), Campbell and Gunning (2020)	4.88	1.506	4
Encouraging teamwork	Perera et al. (2022)	4.82	1.545	5
Equal opportunity policy	Ling and Leow (2008)	4.68	1.768	6
Zero tolerance for harassment	Shibani et al. (2021)	4.56	1.751	7
Professional workplace culture	Perera et al. (2022)	4.46	1.598	8
Policy implementation on gender equality	Baker and Clegg (2023), Suresh et al. (2023)	4.42	1.588	9
Refusal to unrealistic targets	Perera et al. (2022)	4.41	1.652	10
Workplace ergonomics and hygiene	Campbell and Gunning (2020)	4.4	1.632	11
Access to continuous learning and professional development	Gunasekara et al. (2024)	4.35	1.528	12
Regular breaks and sleep	Bryce et al. (2019), Ling and Leow (2008)	4.35	1.675	13
Leadership commitment to gender equality	Husam et al. (2024)	4.18	1.678	14
Cultural shift in construction industry	Whitaker and Ali (2020)	4.05	1.572	15
Fair rewards and recognition	Perera et al. (2022)	4	1.766	16
Workload management	Ling and Leow (2008)	3.96	1.758	17
Workplace safety compliance	Campbell and Gunning (2020)	3.95	1.677	18
Work hour regulation	Bryce et al. (2019)	3.94	1.741	19
Transparent appraisal system	Gunasekara et al. (2024)	3.93	1.744	20
Participation in wellness programs	Campbell and Gunning (2020)	3.89	1.757	21
Effective grievance redressal^a	Naagar (2024)	3.84	1.785	22
Post-maternity reintegration	Bryce et al. (2019)	3.82	1.729	23
Maternity and childcare leave	Oyewobi et al. (2022)	3.82	1.89	24
Access to female role models	Whitaker and Ali (2020), Husam et al. (2024)	3.79	1.88	25
Safety during odd working hours	Shibani et al. (2021)	3.78	1.885	26
Accessible on-site facilities	Shibani et al. (2021)	3.76	1.849	27
Health insurance benefits	Perera et al. (2022)	3.71	1.784	28
Women in leadership roles	Ling and Leow (2008), Whitaker and Ali (2020)	3.65	1.804	29
Recreational facilities access	Perera et al. (2022)	3.5	1.721	30
Encouraging women to join construction Industry	Shibani et al. (2021)	3.45	1.72	31
Well-being campaigns	Campbell and Gunning (2020)	3.29	1.618	32
Skill development post career break	Ling and Leow (2008)	3.14	1.726	33
Satisfaction with compensation	Perera et al. (2022)	3.03	1.718	34
Childcare/daycare facilities^a	Dhar (2012)	2.99	1.786	35
Flexible work arrangements	Suresh et al. (2023), Perera et al. (2022)	2.99	1.815	36
Women-centred programmes	Shibani et al. (2021)	2.95	1.629	37
Psychological support and counselling^a	Fordjour et al. (2020)	2.95	1.89	38
Remote work options	Vaidya et al. (2023)	2.71	1.761	39

Primary preventive measure	Source	Mean	Std. deviation	Rank
Equal pay for performance	Suresh et al. (2023)	5.04	1.585	1
Domestic responsibility sharing	Perera et al. (2022)	5.02	1.616	2
Open-door policy for support	Lingard and Lin (2004), Vaidya et al. (2023)	4.88	1.683	3
Smart technologies to manage workloads	Perera et al. (2022), Campbell and Gunning (2020)	4.88	1.506	4
Encouraging teamwork	Perera et al. (2022)	4.82	1.545	5
Equal opportunity policy	Ling and Leow (2008)	4.68	1.768	6
Zero tolerance for harassment	Shibani et al. (2021)	4.56	1.751	7
Professional workplace culture	Perera et al. (2022)	4.46	1.598	8
Policy implementation on gender equality	Baker and Clegg (2023), Suresh et al. (2023)	4.42	1.588	9
Refusal to unrealistic targets	Perera et al. (2022)	4.41	1.652	10
Workplace ergonomics and hygiene	Campbell and Gunning (2020)	4.4	1.632	11
Access to continuous learning and professional development	Gunasekara et al. (2024)	4.35	1.528	12
Regular breaks and sleep	Bryce et al. (2019), Ling and Leow (2008)	4.35	1.675	13
Leadership commitment to gender equality	Husam et al. (2024)	4.18	1.678	14
Cultural shift in construction industry	Whitaker and Ali (2020)	4.05	1.572	15
Fair rewards and recognition	Perera et al. (2022)	4	1.766	16
Workload management	Ling and Leow (2008)	3.96	1.758	17
Workplace safety compliance	Campbell and Gunning (2020)	3.95	1.677	18
Work hour regulation	Bryce et al. (2019)	3.94	1.741	19
Transparent appraisal system	Gunasekara et al. (2024)	3.93	1.744	20
Participation in wellness programs	Campbell and Gunning (2020)	3.89	1.757	21
Effective grievance redressal^a	Naagar (2024)	3.84	1.785	22
Post-maternity reintegration	Bryce et al. (2019)	3.82	1.729	23
Maternity and childcare leave	Oyewobi et al. (2022)	3.82	1.89	24
Access to female role models	Whitaker and Ali (2020), Husam et al. (2024)	3.79	1.88	25
Safety during odd working hours	Shibani et al. (2021)	3.78	1.885	26
Accessible on-site facilities	Shibani et al. (2021)	3.76	1.849	27
Health insurance benefits	Perera et al. (2022)	3.71	1.784	28
Women in leadership roles	Ling and Leow (2008), Whitaker and Ali (2020)	3.65	1.804	29
Recreational facilities access	Perera et al. (2022)	3.5	1.721	30
Encouraging women to join construction Industry	Shibani et al. (2021)	3.45	1.72	31
Well-being campaigns	Campbell and Gunning (2020)	3.29	1.618	32
Skill development post career break	Ling and Leow (2008)	3.14	1.726	33
Satisfaction with compensation	Perera et al. (2022)	3.03	1.718	34
Childcare/daycare facilities^a	Dhar (2012)	2.99	1.786	35
Flexible work arrangements	Suresh et al. (2023), Perera et al. (2022)	2.99	1.815	36
Women-centred programmes	Shibani et al. (2021)	2.95	1.629	37
Psychological support and counselling^a	Fordjour et al. (2020)	2.95	1.89	38
Remote work options	Vaidya et al. (2023)	2.71	1.761	39

Note(s): ^aAdded by Expert

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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