Table 8 Model's predictive power...

Table 8

Model's predictive power

Construct	Item	Traditional					Prefabrication					Complete
		Q²predict		RMSE		Variance	Q²predict		RMSE		Variance	Q²predict		RMSE		Variance
		Construct	Item	PLS-SEM	LM	Variance	Construct	Item	PLS-SEM	LM	Variance	Construct	Item	PLS-SEM	LM	Variance
IRS	IR1	0.009	−0.003	1.519	1.586	−0.067	0.076	0.047	1.185	1.462	−0.277	−0.012	0.000	1.397	1.470	−0.074
	IR3		0.011	1.534	1.776	−0.242		0.038	1.387	1.852	−0.465		−0.016	1.495	1.598	−0.103
	IR4		0.067	1.516	1.696	−0.180		0.032	1.587	1.894	−0.307		−0.008	1.627	1.649	−0.022
	IR5		−0.034	1.650	1.601	0.049		0.076	1.532	1.681	−0.148		0.002	1.631	1.614	0.017
	IR6		−0.010	1.706	1.908	−0.201		0.036	1.726	2.159	−0.433		−0.007	1.755	1.807	−0.052
	IR7		0.003	1.741	2.023	−0.282		0.044	1.557	1.811	−0.253		−0.011	1.718	1.784	−0.065
	IR8		0.012	1.767	1.989	−0.222		0.020	1.842	2.623	−0.781		−0.011	1.880	1.972	−0.092
MS	MS1	−0.055	−0.040	1.617	1.772	−0.155	−0.078	−0.067	1.397	1.772	−0.374	−0.041	−0.030	1.579	1.667	−0.088
	MS2		−0.015	1.631	1.881	−0.250		−0.054	1.420	1.888	−0.468		−0.024	1.613	1.712	−0.099
	MS3		−0.044	1.905	2.153	−0.249		−0.045	1.421	1.641	−0.220		−0.022	1.716	1.868	−0.153
	MS4		−0.052	1.756	2.043	−0.287		−0.056	1.557	2.058	−0.501		−0.032	1.686	1.828	−0.142
	MS5		−0.033	1.811	2.133	−0.322		−0.067	1.337	1.607	−0.270		−0.031	1.651	1.851	−0.200
	MS6		−0.017	1.748	2.012	−0.264		−0.069	1.530	1.839	−0.309		−0.039	1.699	1.837	−0.138
	MS7		−0.052	1.864	2.005	−0.140		−0.057	1.716	2.289	−0.573		−0.024	1.796	1.932	−0.136
PHS	PHS1	−0.056	−0.026	1.560	1.828	−0.267	−0.066	−0.050	1.595	2.129	−0.535	−0.033	−0.027	1.556	1.652	−0.096
	PHS2		−0.055	1.766	2.145	−0.378		−0.060	1.363	1.572	−0.210		−0.023	1.603	1.732	−0.129
	PHS3		−0.046	1.622	1.799	−0.178		−0.057	1.628	1.947	−0.320		−0.025	1.619	1.656	−0.038
PS	PS1	−0.061	−0.051	1.496	1.841	−0.345	−0.057	−0.054	1.657	2.121	−0.464	−0.037	−0.026	1.527	1.710	−0.183
	PS2		−0.065	1.447	1.625	−0.178		−0.078	1.384	1.530	−0.146		−0.033	1.387	1.453	−0.066
	PS3		−0.023	1.712	1.947	−0.235		−0.025	1.384	1.569	−0.185		−0.026	1.591	1.726	−0.135
	PS4		−0.021	1.612	1.726	−0.114		−0.016	1.610	2.217	−0.607		−0.017	1.616	1.719	−0.103
	PS5		−0.041	1.581	1.790	−0.208		−0.048	1.311	1.563	−0.252		−0.024	1.469	1.531	−0.062
	PS6		−0.057	1.868	2.098	−0.231		−0.044	1.574	1.917	−0.343		−0.024	1.735	1.887	−0.152
	PS7		−0.044	1.936	2.065	−0.129		−0.064	1.196	1.434	−0.238		−0.027	1.649	1.715	−0.066
MH	MH2	−0.076	−0.044	1.361	1.633	−0.273	−0.077	−0.087	1.402	1.703	−0.302	−0.044	−0.022	1.370	1.534	−0.164
	MH3		−0.054	1.531	1.640	−0.109		−0.031	1.506	1.838	−0.332		−0.023	1.509	1.555	−0.046
	MH4		−0.053	1.601	1.792	−0.191		−0.051	1.637	2.145	−0.509		−0.024	1.605	1.798	−0.194
	MH5		−0.056	2.045	2.059	−0.014		−0.045	1.519	1.857	−0.338		−0.027	1.858	1.945	−0.087
	MH6		−0.038	1.775	1.948	−0.174		−0.057	1.753	2.298	−0.545		−0.044	1.782	1.939	−0.156
	MH7		−0.061	1.798	1.851	−0.054		−0.047	1.380	1.673	−0.293		−0.032	1.686	1.810	−0.124
	MH8		−0.050	1.982	2.007	−0.025		−0.046	1.263	1.603	−0.339		−0.030	1.750	1.788	−0.038
SEW	EW	0.231	0.178	0.913	1.061	−0.148	0.033	−0.031	0.879	1.029	−0.149	0.231	0.188	0.911	0.989	−0.077
SEW	SW	0.231	0.217	0.812	0.905	−0.092	0.033	0.048	1.024	1.216	−0.192	0.231	0.220	0.893	0.967	−0.074
PW	PW1	0.187	0.048	1.280	1.502	−0.222	0.001	−0.007	1.023	1.251	−0.229	0.199	0.125	1.218	1.317	−0.099
	PW2		0.147	1.457	1.516	−0.058		0.026	1.241	1.645	−0.405		0.153	1.352	1.470	−0.117
	PW3		0.020	1.602	1.704	−0.102		−0.039	1.243	1.551	−0.308		0.077	1.475	1.553	−0.078
	PW4		0.227	1.283	1.442	−0.159		0.025	1.261	1.477	−0.217		0.207	1.256	1.367	−0.111
	PW5		0.099	1.373	1.310	0.062		−0.043	1.208	1.324	−0.116		0.115	1.325	1.402	−0.077
	PW6		0.149	1.583	1.704	−0.121		−0.013	1.315	1.513	−0.198		0.145	1.488	1.592	−0.104
CW	CW1	0.082	0.064	1.507	1.541	−0.035	−0.031	−0.037	1.064	1.294	−0.231	0.113	0.088	1.372	1.412	−0.040
	CW2		0.001	1.655	1.948	−0.293		−0.040	1.393	1.691	−0.298		0.054	1.565	1.663	−0.098
	CW3		0.082	1.922	2.131	−0.209		−0.015	1.543	1.968	−0.425		0.106	1.776	1.821	−0.045

Construct	Item	Traditional					Prefabrication					Complete
		Q²predict		RMSE		Variance	Q²predict		RMSE		Variance	Q²predict		RMSE		Variance
		Construct	Item	PLS-SEM	LM	Variance	Construct	Item	PLS-SEM	LM	Variance	Construct	Item	PLS-SEM	LM	Variance
IRS	IR1	0.009	−0.003	1.519	1.586	−0.067	0.076	0.047	1.185	1.462	−0.277	−0.012	0.000	1.397	1.470	−0.074
	IR3		0.011	1.534	1.776	−0.242		0.038	1.387	1.852	−0.465		−0.016	1.495	1.598	−0.103
	IR4		0.067	1.516	1.696	−0.180		0.032	1.587	1.894	−0.307		−0.008	1.627	1.649	−0.022
	IR5		−0.034	1.650	1.601	0.049		0.076	1.532	1.681	−0.148		0.002	1.631	1.614	0.017
	IR6		−0.010	1.706	1.908	−0.201		0.036	1.726	2.159	−0.433		−0.007	1.755	1.807	−0.052
	IR7		0.003	1.741	2.023	−0.282		0.044	1.557	1.811	−0.253		−0.011	1.718	1.784	−0.065
	IR8		0.012	1.767	1.989	−0.222		0.020	1.842	2.623	−0.781		−0.011	1.880	1.972	−0.092
MS	MS1	−0.055	−0.040	1.617	1.772	−0.155	−0.078	−0.067	1.397	1.772	−0.374	−0.041	−0.030	1.579	1.667	−0.088
	MS2		−0.015	1.631	1.881	−0.250		−0.054	1.420	1.888	−0.468		−0.024	1.613	1.712	−0.099
	MS3		−0.044	1.905	2.153	−0.249		−0.045	1.421	1.641	−0.220		−0.022	1.716	1.868	−0.153
	MS4		−0.052	1.756	2.043	−0.287		−0.056	1.557	2.058	−0.501		−0.032	1.686	1.828	−0.142
	MS5		−0.033	1.811	2.133	−0.322		−0.067	1.337	1.607	−0.270		−0.031	1.651	1.851	−0.200
	MS6		−0.017	1.748	2.012	−0.264		−0.069	1.530	1.839	−0.309		−0.039	1.699	1.837	−0.138
	MS7		−0.052	1.864	2.005	−0.140		−0.057	1.716	2.289	−0.573		−0.024	1.796	1.932	−0.136
PHS	PHS1	−0.056	−0.026	1.560	1.828	−0.267	−0.066	−0.050	1.595	2.129	−0.535	−0.033	−0.027	1.556	1.652	−0.096
	PHS2		−0.055	1.766	2.145	−0.378		−0.060	1.363	1.572	−0.210		−0.023	1.603	1.732	−0.129
	PHS3		−0.046	1.622	1.799	−0.178		−0.057	1.628	1.947	−0.320		−0.025	1.619	1.656	−0.038
PS	PS1	−0.061	−0.051	1.496	1.841	−0.345	−0.057	−0.054	1.657	2.121	−0.464	−0.037	−0.026	1.527	1.710	−0.183
	PS2		−0.065	1.447	1.625	−0.178		−0.078	1.384	1.530	−0.146		−0.033	1.387	1.453	−0.066
	PS3		−0.023	1.712	1.947	−0.235		−0.025	1.384	1.569	−0.185		−0.026	1.591	1.726	−0.135
	PS4		−0.021	1.612	1.726	−0.114		−0.016	1.610	2.217	−0.607		−0.017	1.616	1.719	−0.103
	PS5		−0.041	1.581	1.790	−0.208		−0.048	1.311	1.563	−0.252		−0.024	1.469	1.531	−0.062
	PS6		−0.057	1.868	2.098	−0.231		−0.044	1.574	1.917	−0.343		−0.024	1.735	1.887	−0.152
	PS7		−0.044	1.936	2.065	−0.129		−0.064	1.196	1.434	−0.238		−0.027	1.649	1.715	−0.066
MH	MH2	−0.076	−0.044	1.361	1.633	−0.273	−0.077	−0.087	1.402	1.703	−0.302	−0.044	−0.022	1.370	1.534	−0.164
	MH3		−0.054	1.531	1.640	−0.109		−0.031	1.506	1.838	−0.332		−0.023	1.509	1.555	−0.046
	MH4		−0.053	1.601	1.792	−0.191		−0.051	1.637	2.145	−0.509		−0.024	1.605	1.798	−0.194
	MH5		−0.056	2.045	2.059	−0.014		−0.045	1.519	1.857	−0.338		−0.027	1.858	1.945	−0.087
	MH6		−0.038	1.775	1.948	−0.174		−0.057	1.753	2.298	−0.545		−0.044	1.782	1.939	−0.156
	MH7		−0.061	1.798	1.851	−0.054		−0.047	1.380	1.673	−0.293		−0.032	1.686	1.810	−0.124
	MH8		−0.050	1.982	2.007	−0.025		−0.046	1.263	1.603	−0.339		−0.030	1.750	1.788	−0.038
SEW	EW	0.231	0.178	0.913	1.061	−0.148	0.033	−0.031	0.879	1.029	−0.149	0.231	0.188	0.911	0.989	−0.077
SEW	SW	0.231	0.217	0.812	0.905	−0.092	0.033	0.048	1.024	1.216	−0.192	0.231	0.220	0.893	0.967	−0.074
PW	PW1	0.187	0.048	1.280	1.502	−0.222	0.001	−0.007	1.023	1.251	−0.229	0.199	0.125	1.218	1.317	−0.099
	PW2		0.147	1.457	1.516	−0.058		0.026	1.241	1.645	−0.405		0.153	1.352	1.470	−0.117
	PW3		0.020	1.602	1.704	−0.102		−0.039	1.243	1.551	−0.308		0.077	1.475	1.553	−0.078
	PW4		0.227	1.283	1.442	−0.159		0.025	1.261	1.477	−0.217		0.207	1.256	1.367	−0.111
	PW5		0.099	1.373	1.310	0.062		−0.043	1.208	1.324	−0.116		0.115	1.325	1.402	−0.077
	PW6		0.149	1.583	1.704	−0.121		−0.013	1.315	1.513	−0.198		0.145	1.488	1.592	−0.104
CW	CW1	0.082	0.064	1.507	1.541	−0.035	−0.031	−0.037	1.064	1.294	−0.231	0.113	0.088	1.372	1.412	−0.040
	CW2		0.001	1.655	1.948	−0.293		−0.040	1.393	1.691	−0.298		0.054	1.565	1.663	−0.098
	CW3		0.082	1.922	2.131	−0.209		−0.015	1.543	1.968	−0.425		0.106	1.776	1.821	−0.045

Note(s): Variance = The difference between PLS-SEM and LM RMSE (PLS-SEM RMSE – LM RMSE); RMSE = Root Mean Square Error; LM = Linear Regression Model

IRS: Industry-related stressors; MS: Management stressors; PHS: Physical Health and Safety Stressors; PS: Personal stressors; MH: Poor mental health

SEW: Socioemotional well-being; PW: Psychological well-being; CW: Cultural and religious well-being

Source(s): Authors' creation

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