Performance comparison of various deep learning models across precision, recall, F1 score and AUC metrics. The table highlights the effectiveness of different architectures, including CNN, LSTM, their combination (CNN + LSTM), Vision Transformer and the proposed HIMP model. The HIMP model outperforms all others, achieving the highest scores in all evaluation metrics, particularly with an F1 score of 91.20% and an AUC of 95.36%
| Models | Precision (%) | Recall (%) | F1 score (%) | AUC (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNN | 80.33 | 77.15 | 75.89 | 92.61 |
| LSTM | 47.79 | 59.74 | 51.92 | 77.15 |
| CNN + LSTM | 88.22 | 82.77 | 84.15 | 91.11 |
| Vision Transformer | 68.25 | 70.41 | 68.39 | 84.55 |
| HIMP (our) | 91.52 | 91.20 | 91.20 | 95.36 |
| Models | Precision (%) | Recall (%) | F1 score (%) | AUC (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNN | 80.33 | 77.15 | 75.89 | 92.61 |
| LSTM | 47.79 | 59.74 | 51.92 | 77.15 |
| CNN + LSTM | 88.22 | 82.77 | 84.15 | 91.11 |
| Vision Transformer | 68.25 | 70.41 | 68.39 | 84.55 |
| HIMP (our) |
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