Table 1 Comparative context frameworks... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Comparative context frameworks summary table

Tool	Epistemological foundation	Conceptual structure	Methodological guidance	Empirical use	Relevance to integrated care
Context Coding Framework (Rogers et al., 2020)	Constructivist	Inductive, multi-domain	Structured coding guide	Moderate	High
CFIR (Damschroder et al., 2022)	Post-positivist	Structured domains	Extensive tools	High	Moderate
TDF (Cane et al., 2012)	Post-positivist	Behavioural constructs	Validated instruments	High	Moderate
i-PARIHS (Harvey and Kitson, 2015)	Pragmatist	Mid-range theory	Facilitation-focused guidance	High	Moderate
Realist Evaluation/CMO (Pawson et al., 2005)	Critical realist	CMO configurations	Theory-building heuristics	High	High
NASSS (Greenhalgh et al., 2017)	Critical realist	Seven dynamic domains	Heuristics, flexible	Moderate	High
CICI (Pfadenhauer et al., 2017)	Constructivist	Multi-level domains	Conceptual clarity, less procedural	Moderate	High
ICON (Squires et al., 2023)	Constructivist	Nested multi-domain meta-framework	Detailed procedural guide	Moderate	High
BANANA (Mielke et al., 2022)	Pragmatist	Six clusters	Decision support for early scoping	Emerging	Moderate
CCIC (Suter et al., 2017)	Pragmatist	Organisational domains	Moderate guidance	Low	Moderate
CAPA (Barry, 2021)	Participatory	Flexible, iterative inquiry	Minimal procedural detail	Low	High
Svensson’s Contextual Analysis (Svensson, 2021)	Participatory	Guided inquiry model	Relational process guidance	Low	High
Shani and Pasmore’s Action Research Theory (Shani and Pasmore, 1982)	Pragmatist/Participatory	Context-content-process	Collaborative, reflexive	Low	Moderate

Tool	Epistemological foundation	Conceptual structure	Methodological guidance	Empirical use	Relevance to integrated care
Context Coding Framework (Rogers et al., 2020)	Constructivist	Inductive, multi-domain	Structured coding guide	Moderate	High
CFIR (Damschroder et al., 2022)	Post-positivist	Structured domains	Extensive tools	High	Moderate
TDF (Cane et al., 2012)	Post-positivist	Behavioural constructs	Validated instruments	High	Moderate
i-PARIHS (Harvey and Kitson, 2015)	Pragmatist	Mid-range theory	Facilitation-focused guidance	High	Moderate
Realist Evaluation/CMO (Pawson et al., 2005)	Critical realist	CMO configurations	Theory-building heuristics	High	High
NASSS (Greenhalgh et al., 2017)	Critical realist	Seven dynamic domains	Heuristics, flexible	Moderate	High
CICI (Pfadenhauer et al., 2017)	Constructivist	Multi-level domains	Conceptual clarity, less procedural	Moderate	High
ICON (Squires et al., 2023)	Constructivist	Nested multi-domain meta-framework	Detailed procedural guide	Moderate	High
BANANA (Mielke et al., 2022)	Pragmatist	Six clusters	Decision support for early scoping	Emerging	Moderate
CCIC (Suter et al., 2017)	Pragmatist	Organisational domains	Moderate guidance	Low	Moderate
CAPA (Barry, 2021)	Participatory	Flexible, iterative inquiry	Minimal procedural detail	Low	High
Svensson’s Contextual Analysis (Svensson, 2021)	Participatory	Guided inquiry model	Relational process guidance	Low	High
Shani and Pasmore’s Action Research Theory (Shani and Pasmore, 1982)	Pragmatist/Participatory	Context-content-process	Collaborative, reflexive	Low	Moderate