Constructs, items, and measurement sources
| Construct | Items (statements) | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Social Media Engagement (SME) | SME1: I frequently interact (like, share, comment) with pedestrian safety content on social media | Dessart et al. (2016), Dolan et al. (2019) |
| SME2: Social media posts about road safety attract my attention | ||
| SME3: I regularly follow pedestrian safety campaigns on social media | ||
| SME4: Social media discussions influence how I think about using pedestrian bridges | ||
| SME5: I feel more motivated to use pedestrian bridges when I see safety messages online | ||
| Community Enforcement Visibility (CEV) | CEV1: I often see enforcement officers monitoring pedestrian crossings | Sozer and Merlo (2013) |
| CEV2: Visible community policing or wardens encourage me to use pedestrian bridges | ||
| CEV3: There are signs or warnings about penalties for unsafe road crossing | ||
| CEV4: The presence of enforcement increases my likelihood of using a bridge. CEV5: I believe enforcement officers are active in ensuring pedestrians use bridges | ||
| Pedestrian Bridge Utilisation (PBU) | PBU1: I frequently use pedestrian bridges when they are available | Hasan et al. (2020), Räsänen et al. (2007) |
| PBU2: I prefer pedestrian bridges even if they require extra walking | ||
| PBU3: I choose pedestrian bridges over crossing the road directly | ||
| PBU4: I encourage others to use pedestrian bridges instead of unsafe crossings | ||
| PBU5: I consider pedestrian bridges as the safest way to cross roads | ||
| Anticipated Risk (AR) | AR1: I believe crossing the road without a bridge is very risky | Jiang et al. (2023) |
| AR2: I think there is a high chance of accidents if I don't use pedestrian bridges. AR3: Ignoring pedestrian bridges increases the likelihood of serious injury |
| Construct | Items (statements) | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Social Media Engagement (SME) | SME1: I frequently interact (like, share, comment) with pedestrian safety content on social media | |
| SME2: Social media posts about road safety attract my attention | ||
| SME3: I regularly follow pedestrian safety campaigns on social media | ||
| SME4: Social media discussions influence how I think about using pedestrian bridges | ||
| SME5: I feel more motivated to use pedestrian bridges when I see safety messages online | ||
| Community Enforcement Visibility (CEV) | CEV1: I often see enforcement officers monitoring pedestrian crossings | |
| CEV2: Visible community policing or wardens encourage me to use pedestrian bridges | ||
| CEV3: There are signs or warnings about penalties for unsafe road crossing | ||
| CEV4: The presence of enforcement increases my likelihood of using a bridge. CEV5: I believe enforcement officers are active in ensuring pedestrians use bridges | ||
| Pedestrian Bridge Utilisation (PBU) | PBU1: I frequently use pedestrian bridges when they are available | |
| PBU2: I prefer pedestrian bridges even if they require extra walking | ||
| PBU3: I choose pedestrian bridges over crossing the road directly | ||
| PBU4: I encourage others to use pedestrian bridges instead of unsafe crossings | ||
| PBU5: I consider pedestrian bridges as the safest way to cross roads | ||
| Anticipated Risk (AR) | AR1: I believe crossing the road without a bridge is very risky | |
| AR2: I think there is a high chance of accidents if I don't use pedestrian bridges. AR3: Ignoring pedestrian bridges increases the likelihood of serious injury |