Table 2 Effects of institutional...

Table 2

Effects of institutional dimension on entrepreneurship and Social entrepreneurship

	Entrepreneurship			Social entrepreneurship vs commercial
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6
Regulative dimension	0.322**	0.247	0.247	−0.349	−0.317	−0.317
Regulative dimension	(2.04)	(1.49)	(1.49)	(−1.33)	(−1.20)	(−1.20)
Normative dimension	0.036***	0.037***	0.036***	−0.0869*	−0.0834	−0.0854*
Normative dimension	(4.07)	(3.96)	(4.07)	(−1.95)	(−1.63)	(−1.92)
Cultural-cognitive dimension	0.507***	0.485***	0.485***	0.0710	0.0638*	0.0641*
Cultural-cognitive dimension	(9.85)	(9.72)	(9.72)	(1.43)	(1.70)	(1.72)
Control variables
Country income level	1.284***	1.307***	1.308***	−0.793**	−0.794**	−0.794**
Country income level	(5.73)	(5.70)	(5.70)	(−2.13)	(−2.12)	(−2.12)
Gender: Female	−0.660***	−0.660***	−0.660***	0.365***	0.364***	0.364***
Gender: Female	(−40.52)	(−40.51)	(−40.52)	(4.09)	(4.08)	(4.08)
Interactions
Cultural-cognitive X Regulative		0.0850*	0.0855*		−0.0793*	−0.0787*
Cultural-cognitive X Regulative		(1.72)	(1.73)		(−1.81)	(−1.83)
Normative X Regulative		0.00300			0.00440
Normative X Regulative		(0.27)			(0.08)
Constant	−3.588***	−3.637***	−3.639***	−0.626	−0.610	−0.611
Constant	(−8.85)	(−8.79)	(−8.79)	(−1.03)	−(−0.99)	(−1.00)
var(Cultural-cognitive)
Constant	0.160***	0.140***	0.140***	0.00602	1.60e−33	1.17e−32
Constant	(4.33)	(4.20)	(4.20)	(0.60)	(0.00)	(0.00)
var(_cons[Country])
Constant	0.809***	0.830***	0.830***	1.015***	1.035***	1.034***
Constant	(4.85)	(4.80)	(4.80)	(3.25)	(3.24)	(3.24)
Observations	165,679	165,679	165,679	4,064	4,064	4,064
χ² Controls to Main (df) -comparative	22,461.0	22,350.4	22,393.7	704.8	704.3	705.2
χ² Controls to Main (df)	1856.6	1866.0	1865.9	26.19	35.29	35.29
$McKelvey & Zavoina R^{2}$ (fixed and random effects)	0.4267	0.4268	0.4268	0.2836	0.2843	0.2843
$McKelvey & Zavoina R^{2}$ (fixed effects only)	0.2118	0.2168	0.2169	0.0409	0.0453	0.0453
AIC	107,233.6	107,234.8	107,232.9	3728.833	3727.992	3725.998
BIC	107,313.8	107,335	107,323	3779.312	3784.781	3776.477

	Entrepreneurship			Social entrepreneurship vs commercial
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6
Regulative dimension	0.322**	0.247	0.247	−0.349	−0.317	−0.317
Regulative dimension	(2.04)	(1.49)	(1.49)	(−1.33)	(−1.20)	(−1.20)
Normative dimension	0.036***	0.037***	0.036***	−0.0869*	−0.0834	−0.0854*
Normative dimension	(4.07)	(3.96)	(4.07)	(−1.95)	(−1.63)	(−1.92)
Cultural-cognitive dimension	0.507***	0.485***	0.485***	0.0710	0.0638*	0.0641*
Cultural-cognitive dimension	(9.85)	(9.72)	(9.72)	(1.43)	(1.70)	(1.72)
Control variables
Country income level	1.284***	1.307***	1.308***	−0.793**	−0.794**	−0.794**
Country income level	(5.73)	(5.70)	(5.70)	(−2.13)	(−2.12)	(−2.12)
Gender: Female	−0.660***	−0.660***	−0.660***	0.365***	0.364***	0.364***
Gender: Female	(−40.52)	(−40.51)	(−40.52)	(4.09)	(4.08)	(4.08)
Interactions
Cultural-cognitive X Regulative		0.0850*	0.0855*		−0.0793*	−0.0787*
Cultural-cognitive X Regulative		(1.72)	(1.73)		(−1.81)	(−1.83)
Normative X Regulative		0.00300			0.00440
Normative X Regulative		(0.27)			(0.08)
Constant	−3.588***	−3.637***	−3.639***	−0.626	−0.610	−0.611
Constant	(−8.85)	(−8.79)	(−8.79)	(−1.03)	−(−0.99)	(−1.00)
var(Cultural-cognitive)
Constant	0.160***	0.140***	0.140***	0.00602	1.60e−33	1.17e−32
Constant	(4.33)	(4.20)	(4.20)	(0.60)	(0.00)	(0.00)
var(_cons[Country])
Constant	0.809***	0.830***	0.830***	1.015***	1.035***	1.034***
Constant	(4.85)	(4.80)	(4.80)	(3.25)	(3.24)	(3.24)
Observations	165,679	165,679	165,679	4,064	4,064	4,064
χ² Controls to Main (df) -comparative	22,461.0	22,350.4	22,393.7	704.8	704.3	705.2
χ² Controls to Main (df)	1856.6	1866.0	1865.9	26.19	35.29	35.29
$McKelvey & Zavoina R^{2}$ (fixed and random effects)	0.4267	0.4268	0.4268	0.2836	0.2843	0.2843
$McKelvey & Zavoina R^{2}$ (fixed effects only)	0.2118	0.2168	0.2169	0.0409	0.0453	0.0453
AIC	107,233.6	107,234.8	107,232.9	3728.833	3727.992	3725.998
BIC	107,313.8	107,335	107,323	3779.312	3784.781	3776.477

Note(s): Standard errors in parentheses - *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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