REI scale (Hauck et al., 2016) and modified items for non-family businesses
| REI | Family business itemsa | Non-family business items |
|---|---|---|
| Renewal of family bonds through dynastic succession | ||
| R1 | Continuing the family legacy and tradition is an important goal for my family business | Continuing the business' legacy and tradition is an important goal for my business |
| R2 | Family owners are less likely to evaluate their investment on a short-term basis | Owners are less likely to evaluate their investment in the business on a short-term basis |
| R3 | Successful business transfer to the next generation is an important goal for family members | Successful business transfer to the next generation is an important goal for my business |
| Emotional attachment | ||
| E1 | In my family business, the emotional bonds between family members are very strong | In my business, the emotional bonds among owners and employees are very strong |
| E2 | Strong emotional ties between family members help us maintain a positive self-concept | Strong emotional ties among owners and employees help us maintain a positive self-concept |
| E3 | In my family business, family members feel warmth for each other | In my business, owners and employees feel warmth for each other |
| Identification of family members with the firm | ||
| I1 | Family members have a strong sense of belonging to my family business | Owners and employees have a strong sense of belonging to my business |
| I2 | My family business has a great deal of personal meaning for family members | My business has a great deal of personal meaning for its owners and employees |
| I3 | Family members are proud to tell others that we are part of the family business | Owners and employees are proud to tell others that they are part of the business |
| REI | Family business items | Non-family business items |
|---|---|---|
| R1 | Continuing the family legacy and tradition is an important goal for my family business | Continuing the business' legacy and tradition is an important goal for my business |
| R2 | Family owners are less likely to evaluate their investment on a short-term basis | Owners are less likely to evaluate their investment in the business on a short-term basis |
| R3 | Successful business transfer to the next generation is an important goal for family members | Successful business transfer to the next generation is an important goal for my business |
| E1 | In my family business, the emotional bonds between family members are very strong | In my business, the emotional bonds among owners and employees are very strong |
| E2 | Strong emotional ties between family members help us maintain a positive self-concept | Strong emotional ties among owners and employees help us maintain a positive self-concept |
| E3 | In my family business, family members feel warmth for each other | In my business, owners and employees feel warmth for each other |
| I1 | Family members have a strong sense of belonging to my family business | Owners and employees have a strong sense of belonging to my business |
| I2 | My family business has a great deal of personal meaning for family members | My business has a great deal of personal meaning for its owners and employees |
| I3 | Family members are proud to tell others that we are part of the family business | Owners and employees are proud to tell others that they are part of the business |
Measured on a 7-point Likert scale from (1) strongly disagree to (7) strongly agree
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