Table 2

Variable names and measures

VariablesMeasures
Dependent variable
Exit intention1 = sell to outsiders; 2 = sell to family; 3 = give to family (reference); 4 = liquidate
Independent variables
SEWREI scale for socioemotional wealth measured on a 7-point Likert scale from (1) strongly disagree to (7) strongly agree
Rural location1 = rural area or town less than 10,000 people; 0 = town more than 10,000 people
Family ownership1 = owner considers businesses as a family business; 0 = otherwise
Female owner1 = owner is female; 0 = owner is male
BIPOC owner1 = owner is Black, Indigenous, person of color, or Hispanic; 0 = owner is White
Owner ageOwner age in 2019
Business ageAge of business in 2019
Sole proprietor1 = business is a sole proprietorship; 0 = other types of legal structure
Ln business incomeLog of annual business income in 2018
EmployeesNumber of full and part-time employees
Wholesale1 = wholesale trade and food services industry; 0 = otherwise
Production1 = agriculture, mining, construction, manufacturing; 0 = otherwise
Services1 = trade professions such as finance, education, healthcare, and entertainment; 0 = otherwise
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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