REI and REI individual items for family and non-family businesses (N = 471)
| Item | Family businesses (n = 283) | Non-family businesses (n = 188) | All small businesses (N = 471) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (St. D.) | Mean (St. D.) | Mean (St. D.) | |
| REI scale*** | 5.57 (1.01) | 4.42 (1.40) | 5.11 (1.31) |
| Cronbach's alpha | 0.89 | 0.92 | 0.92 |
| RRCa | 0.88 | 0.93 | 0.92 |
| (R) Renewal of family bonds through dynastic succession | |||
| R1*** | 6.01 (1.62) | 4.54 (1.93) | 5.43 (1.91) |
| R2 | 4.46 (1.77) | 4.28 (1.62) | 4.38 (1.71) |
| R3*** | 5.38 (1.67) | 4.29 (1.87) | 4.95 (1.85) |
| Cronbach's alpha | 0.54 | 0.70 | 0.63 |
| RRC | 0.61 | 0.76 | 0.71 |
| (E) Emotional attachment | |||
| E1*** | 5.70 (1.36) | 4.57 (1.66) | 5.25 (1.56) |
| E2*** | 5.72 (1.34) | 4.82 (1.67) | 5.36 (1.54) |
| E3*** | 5.76 (1.28) | 4.70 (1.65) | 5.34 (1.53) |
| Cronbach's alpha | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.89 |
| RRC | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.89 |
| (I) Identification of family members with the firm | |||
| I1*** | 5.86 (1.27) | 4.52 (1.80) | 5.33 (1.64) |
| I2*** | 5.86 (1.25) | 4.52 (1.78) | 5.33 (1.62) |
| I3*** | 6.01 (1.16) | 4.54 (1.81) | 5.43 (1.62) |
| Cronbach's alpha | 0.88 | 0.94 | 0.93 |
| RRC | 0.87 | 0.94 | 0.93 |
| Item | Family businesses ( | Non-family businesses ( | All small businesses ( |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (St. D.) | Mean (St. D.) | Mean (St. D.) | |
| REI scale*** | 5.57 (1.01) | 4.42 (1.40) | 5.11 (1.31) |
| Cronbach's alpha | 0.89 | 0.92 | 0.92 |
| RRC | 0.88 | 0.93 | 0.92 |
| R1*** | 6.01 (1.62) | 4.54 (1.93) | 5.43 (1.91) |
| R2 | 4.46 (1.77) | 4.28 (1.62) | 4.38 (1.71) |
| R3*** | 5.38 (1.67) | 4.29 (1.87) | 4.95 (1.85) |
| Cronbach's alpha | 0.54 | 0.70 | 0.63 |
| RRC | 0.61 | 0.76 | 0.71 |
| E1*** | 5.70 (1.36) | 4.57 (1.66) | 5.25 (1.56) |
| E2*** | 5.72 (1.34) | 4.82 (1.67) | 5.36 (1.54) |
| E3*** | 5.76 (1.28) | 4.70 (1.65) | 5.34 (1.53) |
| Cronbach's alpha | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.89 |
| RRC | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.89 |
| I1*** | 5.86 (1.27) | 4.52 (1.80) | 5.33 (1.64) |
| I2*** | 5.86 (1.25) | 4.52 (1.78) | 5.33 (1.62) |
| I3*** | 6.01 (1.16) | 4.54 (1.81) | 5.43 (1.62) |
| Cronbach's alpha | 0.88 | 0.94 | 0.93 |
| RRC | 0.87 | 0.94 | 0.93 |
Note(s): *** denotes statistically significant at the 0.001 level
Raykov's reliability coefficient (RRC)
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