Table 1

Attribute, consequence and value codes used to construct the ladders

Means-end chain structureCodesDescription
AttributesConcrete1Lactose- and dairy-free
2Creaminess/Thicker texture
3Versatility
4Sugar content
5Similar taste to dairy
6Oat taste
7Price importance
8Nutrient fortification
9Preservatives content
10Shelf-stable
11Protein content
12Fat content
Abstract13Animal welfare
14Environmentally friendly
15Natural/Vegan/Organic
ConsequencesFunctional16Food wastage concerns
17Body fitness
18Cooking experience
19Budget control
20Eat more natural
21Fit into daily routine
22Less stomach issues
Psychosocial23Palate predilection
24Health concerns
25Planet sustainability
26Labor and farmers’ welfare
27Good quality of life
28Care about food production
ValuesInstrumental29Pleasure of eating
30Self-care/Activeness
31Value the money
32Family and connections
33Environmental consciousness
34Recognition
35Longevity
Terminal36Health and well-being
37Accomplishment
38Benevolence
39Universalism
40Hedonism

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