Table 3 Comparison of plate waste...

Table 3

Comparison of plate waste measured using direct weighing and digital photography methods by meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner)

Mealtime	Direct weighing (g/patient/day)		Digital photography (g/patient/day)		Difference (g)^*		% Difference^*		p-value^**
Mealtime	Mean	Median (IQR)	Mean	Median (IQR)	Mean	Median (IQR)	Mean	Median (IQR)
Breakfast	60.8	28.0 (0.0–106.0)	66.0	26.3 (0.0–101.9)	−5.2	0.0 (−6.0–0.0)	−4.0	0.0 (−6.9–0.0)	0.854
Lunch	139.3	114.0 (0.0–245.8)	134.2	107.5 (0.0–240.0)	8.7	0.0 (0.0–11.0)	2.4	0.0 (0.0–6.4)	0.666
Dinner	146.4	121.0 (0.0–256.0)	140.8	120.0 (0.0–250.0)	7.6	0.0 (0.0–10.0)	1.9	0.0 (0.0–5.7)	0.625
Overall	137.9	108.0 (0.0–242.0)	133.2	104.0 (0.0–240.0)	5.0	0.0 (0.0–7.0)	1.4	0.0 (0.0–4.5)	0.587

Mealtime	Direct weighing (g/patient/day)		Digital photography (g/patient/day)		Difference (g)^*		% Difference^*		p-value^**
Mealtime	Mean	Median (IQR)	Mean	Median (IQR)	Mean	Median (IQR)	Mean	Median (IQR)
Breakfast	60.8	28.0 (0.0–106.0)	66.0	26.3 (0.0–101.9)	−5.2	0.0 (−6.0–0.0)	−4.0	0.0 (−6.9–0.0)	0.854
Lunch	139.3	114.0 (0.0–245.8)	134.2	107.5 (0.0–240.0)	8.7	0.0 (0.0–11.0)	2.4	0.0 (0.0–6.4)	0.666
Dinner	146.4	121.0 (0.0–256.0)	140.8	120.0 (0.0–250.0)	7.6	0.0 (0.0–10.0)	1.9	0.0 (0.0–5.7)	0.625
Overall	137.9	108.0 (0.0–242.0)	133.2	104.0 (0.0–240.0)	5.0	0.0 (0.0–7.0)	1.4	0.0 (0.0–4.5)	0.587

Note(s): ^*The negative sign indicates that the digital photography method overestimated breakfast plate waste; The positive sign indicates that the digital photography method underestimated lunch plate waste

^**p values were calculated using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test. p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant

Source(s): Authors' own work

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