Table 2

Pairwise correlation matrix

ETRIRLEVFAROAFSTANBININOW
ETR1.000        
IR0.100*1.000       
LEV0.138*0.235*1.0000      
FA−0.0230.062−0.1934*1.000     
ROA−0.324*0.096*−0.2678*0.081*1.000    
FS0.160*0.0390.0957*−0.065−0.105*1.000   
TAN0.320*0.003−0.1814*0.093*−0.0590.0201.000  
BIN−0.444*0.135*0.0948*−0.114*0.232*0.060−0.258*1.000 
INOW0.261*0.0650.07850.039−0.0550.273*0.130*−0.113*1.000

Note(s): ETR is the ratio of the cash tax paid to the pre-tax income of the company. IR is integrated reporting. LEV is leverage estimated as total debt scaled by total asset. FA is firm age measured as the natural logarithm of difference between the year in which the firm was incorporated and the year under which the financial statement is considered. ROA is return on assets measured as earnings before interest and taxes deflated by total asset. TANG is asset tangibility measured as non-current asset scaled by total assets. BI is board independence. INOW is proportion of institutional ownership. FS is firm size measured as the logarithm of total assets. *Implies significant at 5%

Source(s): Author’s computation

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