Systemic vs fragmented investment decision-making: case comparisons
| Case | Approach | Key features | Outcome | Lessons learned |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AstraZeneca (5R) | Systemic | Cross-functional evaluation across five pillars | Improved R&D productivity; successful launches | Systemic evaluation improves success rates |
| Eli Lilly | Semi-Systemic | Strategic alignment with organizational strengths | Strong launches; Alzheimer's failures persist | Alignment enhances resilience but risks concentration |
| Pfizer (Torcetrapib) | Fragmented | Overreliance on market projections; weak integration of safety data | Catastrophic failure; $800 m loss | Lack of systemic scrutiny led to failure |
| Alzheimer's Disease | Fragmented (Industry-wide) | Weak biological understanding; aggressive advancement | >200 failed trials; billions lost | High-risk domains require systemic integration |
| Case | Approach | Key features | Outcome | Lessons learned |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AstraZeneca (5R) | Systemic | Cross-functional evaluation across five pillars | Improved R&D productivity; successful launches | Systemic evaluation improves success rates |
| Eli Lilly | Semi-Systemic | Strategic alignment with organizational strengths | Strong launches; Alzheimer's failures persist | Alignment enhances resilience but risks concentration |
| Pfizer (Torcetrapib) | Fragmented | Overreliance on market projections; weak integration of safety data | Catastrophic failure; $800 m loss | Lack of systemic scrutiny led to failure |
| Alzheimer's Disease | Fragmented (Industry-wide) | Weak biological understanding; aggressive advancement | >200 failed trials; billions lost | High-risk domains require systemic integration |
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