Table 6 Hypothesis testing results...

Table 6

Hypothesis testing results

Hypothesis path	Path coefficient	Sample mean	SD	t-statistic	p-value
H1: AES → SLA	0.735	0.740	0.049	15.109	0.001^*
H2: SLA → ARO	0.785	0.790	0.038	20.837	0.000^*
H3: ARO → RIE	0.267	0.262	0.105	2.552	0.011^*
H4: AES → SCC	0.705	0.710	0.053	13.222	0.001^*
H5: SCC → RIE	0.078	0.085	0.165	0.472	0.637
H6: AES → SLA → RIE	0.370	0.366	0.138	2.681	0.007^*
H7: AES → SCC → RIE	0.055	0.060	0.118	0.464	0.642
H8: SLA → ARO → RIE	0.210	0.207	0.084	2.497	0.013^*

Hypothesis path	Path coefficient	Sample mean	SD	t-statistic	p-value
H1: AES → SLA	0.735	0.740	0.049	15.109	0.001^*
H2: SLA → ARO	0.785	0.790	0.038	20.837	0.000^*
H3: ARO → RIE	0.267	0.262	0.105	2.552	0.011^*
H4: AES → SCC	0.705	0.710	0.053	13.222	0.001^*
H5: SCC → RIE	0.078	0.085	0.165	0.472	0.637
H6: AES → SLA → RIE	0.370	0.366	0.138	2.681	0.007^*
H7: AES → SCC → RIE	0.055	0.060	0.118	0.464	0.642
H8: SLA → ARO → RIE	0.210	0.207	0.084	2.497	0.013^*

Note(s): SmartPLS software output. ^*Statistically significant relationship. SLA – self-learning and adaptability of AI-enabled creative business models; ARO – AI-driven resource optimization; AES – AI-enhanced environmental sustainability; SCC – stakeholder collaboration and co-creation; RIE – regenerative innovation ecosystem

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