Measurement instruments
| Measurement instrument |
|---|
| Physical exercise (Rubenstein et al., 2011) |
| On average, how many hours per week do you engage in the following physical exercises? |
| Light recreational physical exercise (such as leisurely walking, bowling, and playing billiards), and |
| Moderate recreational physical exercise (such as brisk walking, golfing without a cart, dancing, yoga, volleyball, softball, badminton, ping pong, horseback riding, snorkeling, shooting baskets) |
| Vigorous recreational physical exercise (such as running, cycling, hill-hiking, skiing, doing push-ups, and engaging in aerobics classes and exercise-machine workouts) |
| Grit (Duckworth and Quinn, 2009) |
| Consistency of interest |
| I often set a goal but later choose to pursue a different one |
| New ideas and projects sometimes distract me from previous ones |
| I have been obsessed with a certain idea or project for a short time but later lost interest |
| I have difficulty maintaining my focus on projects that take more than a few months to complete |
| Perseverance of effort |
| I finish whatever I begin |
| Setbacks don't discourage me. (Excluded from analysis) |
| I am diligent |
| I am a hard worker |
| Well-being |
| Subjective vitality (Ryan and Frederick, 1997) |
| I feel alive and vital |
| I don't feel very energetic. (Reversed) |
| Sometimes I am so alive I just want to burst |
| I have energy and spirit |
| I look forward to each new day |
| I nearly always feel awake and alert |
| I feel energised |
| Life satisfaction (Su et al., 2016) |
| In general, I consider myself a very happy person |
| Compared to most of my peers, I consider myself more happy |
| I am generally very happy and enjoy life |
| Satisfaction with entrepreneurial career (Spector, 1985) |
| I like doing the things I do as an entrepreneur |
| My career as an entrepreneur is enjoyable |
| I feel a sense of pride in being an entrepreneur |
| I sometimes feel that being an entrepreneur is meaningless. (Reversed; excluded from analysis) |
| Firm performance (Chandler et al., 2009) |
| Percentage change in revenues from 2022 to 2023 subtracted from the average percentage change in revenues for the industry from 2022 to 2023 |
| Measurement instrument |
|---|
| On average, how many hours per week do you engage in the following physical exercises? |
| Light recreational physical exercise (such as leisurely walking, bowling, and playing billiards), and |
| Moderate recreational physical exercise (such as brisk walking, golfing without a cart, dancing, yoga, volleyball, softball, badminton, ping pong, horseback riding, snorkeling, shooting baskets) |
| Vigorous recreational physical exercise (such as running, cycling, hill-hiking, skiing, doing push-ups, and engaging in aerobics classes and exercise-machine workouts) |
| I often set a goal but later choose to pursue a different one |
| New ideas and projects sometimes distract me from previous ones |
| I have been obsessed with a certain idea or project for a short time but later lost interest |
| I have difficulty maintaining my focus on projects that take more than a few months to complete |
| I finish whatever I begin |
| Setbacks don't discourage me. (Excluded from analysis) |
| I am diligent |
| I am a hard worker |
| I feel alive and vital |
| I don't feel very energetic. (Reversed) |
| Sometimes I am so alive I just want to burst |
| I have energy and spirit |
| I look forward to each new day |
| I nearly always feel awake and alert |
| I feel energised |
| In general, I consider myself a very happy person |
| Compared to most of my peers, I consider myself more happy |
| I am generally very happy and enjoy life |
| I like doing the things I do as an entrepreneur |
| My career as an entrepreneur is enjoyable |
| I feel a sense of pride in being an entrepreneur |
| I sometimes feel that being an entrepreneur is meaningless. (Reversed; excluded from analysis) |
| Percentage change in revenues from 2022 to 2023 subtracted from the average percentage change in revenues for the industry from 2022 to 2023 |
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