Table 5.

Group tests

Energy security riskEconomic policy uncertaintyRuling party ideology
VariableIIIIIIIVVVIVII
GD−0.011** (−2.06)0.069*** (3.34)−0.012** (−2.38)0.034** (2.47)−0.009*** (−2.80)0.039** (2.37)0.015* (1.83)
GDP−0.133 (−0.24)−1.563*** (−5.09)0.810*** (4.11)0.503*** (7.28)−0.099 (−0.19)0.343 (0.98)−1.104 (−0.81)
GDP_squared0.004 (0.34)0.034*** (5.34)−0.201*** (−4.02)−0.198*** (−7.20)0.003 (0.32)−0.005 (−0.67)0.024 (0.89)
TP0.049 (0.88)0.225*** (5.04)0.107 (1.10)−0.164 (−0.98)0.272*** (3.31)0.040 (0.66)0.053* (1.75)
UR0.180 (1.38)0.219 (1.10)0.329 (1.46)−0.370 (−1.01)−0.033 (−0.16)−0.070 (−0.44)−1.371 (−1.15)
SI−0.068 (−0.54)0.000 (0.00)−1.220*** (−4.66)0.515** (2.26)−0.220 (−1.25)−0.133 (−1.11)−0.139 (−0.47)
FDI0.422*** (2.98)0.053 (0.35)0.106 (0.57)−1.184*** (−2.97)0.538*** (2.85)0.229* (1.85)0.239 (1.05)
FFEC0.690*** (9.76)0.803*** (7.67)0.663*** (4.62)0.385* (1.69)0.105 (1.12)0.380*** (5.79)0.202 (1.34)
Constant5.390 (0.76)19.072*** (4.67)11.141*** (4.07)13.324*** (7.32)1.511 (0.24)−0.992 (−0.22)19.704 (1.09)
R-squared0.3720.5730.7730.7370.3390.3840.453
Observations315315989928125683
Country FEYESYESYESYESYESYESYES
Year FEYESYESYESYESYESYESYES
Note(s):

t-Statistics are in parenthesis; ***, ** and * denote statistical significance at the 1, 5 and 10% levels, respectively

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