Group tests
| Energy security risk | Economic policy uncertainty | Ruling party ideology | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII |
| GD | −0.011** (−2.06) | 0.069*** (3.34) | −0.012** (−2.38) | 0.034** (2.47) | −0.009*** (−2.80) | 0.039** (2.37) | 0.015* (1.83) |
| GDP | −0.133 (−0.24) | −1.563*** (−5.09) | 0.810*** (4.11) | 0.503*** (7.28) | −0.099 (−0.19) | 0.343 (0.98) | −1.104 (−0.81) |
| GDP_squared | 0.004 (0.34) | 0.034*** (5.34) | −0.201*** (−4.02) | −0.198*** (−7.20) | 0.003 (0.32) | −0.005 (−0.67) | 0.024 (0.89) |
| TP | 0.049 (0.88) | 0.225*** (5.04) | 0.107 (1.10) | −0.164 (−0.98) | 0.272*** (3.31) | 0.040 (0.66) | 0.053* (1.75) |
| UR | 0.180 (1.38) | 0.219 (1.10) | 0.329 (1.46) | −0.370 (−1.01) | −0.033 (−0.16) | −0.070 (−0.44) | −1.371 (−1.15) |
| SI | −0.068 (−0.54) | 0.000 (0.00) | −1.220*** (−4.66) | 0.515** (2.26) | −0.220 (−1.25) | −0.133 (−1.11) | −0.139 (−0.47) |
| FDI | 0.422*** (2.98) | 0.053 (0.35) | 0.106 (0.57) | −1.184*** (−2.97) | 0.538*** (2.85) | 0.229* (1.85) | 0.239 (1.05) |
| FFEC | 0.690*** (9.76) | 0.803*** (7.67) | 0.663*** (4.62) | 0.385* (1.69) | 0.105 (1.12) | 0.380*** (5.79) | 0.202 (1.34) |
| Constant | 5.390 (0.76) | 19.072*** (4.67) | 11.141*** (4.07) | 13.324*** (7.32) | 1.511 (0.24) | −0.992 (−0.22) | 19.704 (1.09) |
| R-squared | 0.372 | 0.573 | 0.773 | 0.737 | 0.339 | 0.384 | 0.453 |
| Observations | 315 | 315 | 98 | 99 | 281 | 256 | 83 |
| Country FE | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Year FE | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Energy security risk | Economic policy uncertainty | Ruling party ideology | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | I | V | |||||
| −0.011 | 0.069 | −0.012 | 0.034 | −0.009 | 0.039 | 0.015 | |
| −0.133 (−0.24) | −1.563 | 0.810 | 0.503 | −0.099 (−0.19) | 0.343 (0.98) | −1.104 (−0.81) | |
| GDP_squared | 0.004 (0.34) | 0.034 | −0.201 | −0.198 | 0.003 (0.32) | −0.005 (−0.67) | 0.024 (0.89) |
| 0.049 (0.88) | 0.225 | 0.107 (1.10) | −0.164 (−0.98) | 0.272 | 0.040 (0.66) | 0.053 | |
| 0.180 (1.38) | 0.219 (1.10) | 0.329 (1.46) | −0.370 (−1.01) | −0.033 (−0.16) | −0.070 (−0.44) | −1.371 (−1.15) | |
| −0.068 (−0.54) | 0.000 (0.00) | −1.220 | 0.515 | −0.220 (−1.25) | −0.133 (−1.11) | −0.139 (−0.47) | |
| 0.422 | 0.053 (0.35) | 0.106 (0.57) | −1.184 | 0.538 | 0.229 | 0.239 (1.05) | |
| 0.690 | 0.803 | 0.663 | 0.385 | 0.105 (1.12) | 0.380 | 0.202 (1.34) | |
| Constant | 5.390 (0.76) | 19.072 | 11.141 | 13.324 | 1.511 (0.24) | −0.992 (−0.22) | 19.704 (1.09) |
| 0.372 | 0.573 | 0.773 | 0.737 | 0.339 | 0.384 | 0.453 | |
| Observations | 315 | 315 | 98 | 99 | 281 | 256 | 83 |
| Country | |||||||
| Year | |||||||
t-Statistics are in parenthesis; ***, ** and * denote statistical significance at the 1, 5 and 10% levels, respectively