Table 1.

Measurement indicator system of green total factor productivity

Primary indicatorsSecondary indicatorsThird indicatorsIndicator description
Green total factor productivity (GTFP)Input indicatorsCapital inputNet value of fixed assets
Labor inputTotal number of employees
Energy inputCity-level industrial electricity consumption, adjusted by the ratio of firm employees to total urban employment
Output indicatorsDesirable outputTotal operating revenue
Undesirable outputFirm-level industrial pollutant emissions (SO2, industrial smoke/dust and wastewater), estimated based on the firm’s share of urban employment

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