Table 1.

Mapping of survey items to institutional work constructs

Institutional work typeSurvey section(s)Example items (survey question numbers)Theoretical constructs
Boundary workSection D: Organisational consequences of corruptionQ1–Q4: “Grameen takes strong action if any corruption is found"Enforcement, sanctioning deviance, formal deterrence
Practice workSection B and E: Processes and trainingB1, B4, B7, E1–E3, E7: “Processes are always complied with"; “Anti-corruption training provided"; “Ethical guidance available"Embedding accountability through routines, rules, training
Relational workSection C and E: Trust, structure, and monitoringC3–C6, E4–E6: “Systems prevent corruption"; “Organisational structure resists corruption"; “Internal auditor focuses on corruption"Building trust, collaboration and informal controls
Composite perception of transparencySection B: Procedural clarity and controlB1, B4, B7, B14: “Processes are transparent”; “Control systems exist”Used as proxy for absence of corruption

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