Estimations of the linear and nonlinear corruption models (with untransformed independent variables)
| Dependent variable: Transparency (TRANS) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variables | Linear probability model (OLS)a | Probit model (ML) | Logit model (ML) |
| PREV | 0.0494(0.3621) | 0.1832(0.367) | 0.2882(0.3937) |
| AACOR | 0.0992***(0.0081) | 0.3531***(0.0071) | 0.6124***(0.0073) |
| TE | 0.0375(0.4452) | 0.1311(0.4889) | 0.2347(0.475) |
| Intercept | 0.0649(0.8142) | −1.757*(0.0767) | −3.0184*(0.0753) |
| R2/pseudo R | 0.0436 | 0.0432 | 0.0426 |
| Dependent variable: Transparency ( | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variables | Linear probability model ( | Probit model ( | Logit model ( |
| 0.0494(0.3621) | 0.1832(0.367) | 0.2882(0.3937) | |
| 0.0992 | 0.3531 | 0.6124 | |
| 0.0375(0.4452) | 0.1311(0.4889) | 0.2347(0.475) | |
| 0.0649(0.8142) | −1.757 | −3.0184 | |
| 0.0436 | 0.0432 | 0.0426 | |
***represents significance at the 1% level; **represents significance at 5% level; *represents significance at 10 % level; aEstimated using heteroscedasticity-robust standard errors and p-values are given in parentheses. #These variables are used in their original discrete values from 1 to 5. TRANS is the presence of transparency, PREV is the preventive measures, AACOR is the actions against corruption and TE is the training and ethics
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