Baseline regression results: nature dependence and cost of capital
| Variables | (1) WACC | (2) COE | (3) COD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nature_Dep | 0.001* | 0.003*** | 0.001** |
| (1.702) | (3.978) | (2.576) | |
| Size | <−0.001** | 0.002*** | <0.001 |
| (−2.192) | (10.235) | (1.518) | |
| ROA | −0.016*** | −0.024*** | −0.015*** |
| (−6.940) | (−8.613) | (−15.619) | |
| Lev | −0.038*** | 0.013*** | 0.024*** |
| (−29.548) | (8.183) | (43.760) | |
| Capex | 0.032*** | −0.002 | 0.003* |
| (6.414) | (−0.374) | (1.720) | |
| Salesgrowth | 0.003*** | 0.002*** | <0.001 |
| (7.679) | (4.186) | (1.368) | |
| Tangibility | −0.008*** | −0.008*** | <0.001 |
| (−6.479) | (−5.142) | (0.854) | |
| Tobinsq | 0.001*** | <0.001*** | −0.000*** |
| (5.682) | (3.119) | (−6.707) | |
| GDP | −0.047*** | −0.065*** | 0.004*** |
| (−17.860) | (−19.762) | (3.444) | |
| Constant | 0.555*** | 0.729*** | −0.018* |
| (20.828) | (21.672) | (−1.776) | |
| Observations | 57,144 | 57,144 | 57,144 |
| R-squared | 0.372 | 0.323 | 0.532 |
| Industry FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Country FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Variables | (1) WACC | (2) COE | (3) COD |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.001* | 0.003*** | 0.001** | |
| (1.702) | (3.978) | (2.576) | |
| <−0.001** | 0.002*** | <0.001 | |
| (−2.192) | (10.235) | (1.518) | |
| −0.016*** | −0.024*** | −0.015*** | |
| (−6.940) | (−8.613) | (−15.619) | |
| −0.038*** | 0.013*** | 0.024*** | |
| (−29.548) | (8.183) | (43.760) | |
| 0.032*** | −0.002 | 0.003* | |
| (6.414) | (−0.374) | (1.720) | |
| 0.003*** | 0.002*** | <0.001 | |
| (7.679) | (4.186) | (1.368) | |
| −0.008*** | −0.008*** | <0.001 | |
| (−6.479) | (−5.142) | (0.854) | |
| 0.001*** | <0.001*** | −0.000*** | |
| (5.682) | (3.119) | (−6.707) | |
| −0.047*** | −0.065*** | 0.004*** | |
| (−17.860) | (−19.762) | (3.444) | |
| 0.555*** | 0.729*** | −0.018* | |
| (20.828) | (21.672) | (−1.776) | |
| Observations | 57,144 | 57,144 | 57,144 |
| 0.372 | 0.323 | 0.532 | |
| Industry FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Country FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Note(s): This table presents the fixed-effects regression results of Equation (1). Dependent variables are Weighted average cost of capital (WACC), Cost of Equity (COE) and Cost of Debt (COD), reported in columns (1)–(3), correspondingly. Nature_dep captures firm-level exposure to nature dependence. All specifications include industry, country, and year fixed effects. Standard errors, reported in parentheses, are heteroskedasticity-robust and clustered at the firm level. *, **, and *** denote statistical significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively
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