Table 5.

Estimated moderating effect of workplace learning by firm size

CategorySMEsLarge firms
Model4–14–24–34–45–15–25–35–4
VariableWLOODLOJTSWWLOODLOJTSW
Horizontal mismatch (HM) (ref. No) −0.104* (0.045)−0.052 (0.036)−0.117** (0.042)−0.070+ (0.040)−0.026 (0.053)−0.003 (0.047)0.042 (0.051)−0.057 (0.042)
Over-education (ref. No)−0.143*** (0.027)−0.145*** (0.027)−0.146*** (0.026)−0.144*** (0.027)−0.103* (0.043)−0.100* (0.045)−0.105* (0.044)−0.101* (0.047)
Workplace learning overall (WLO)0.083*** (0.024)   0.099*** (0.019)   
WLO × HM0.090* (0.038)   0.031 (0.032)   
Open or distance learning (ODL) 0.071 (0.057)0.071+ (0.040)0.080+ (0.041) 0.066 (0.063)0.085 (0.053)0.090+ (0.053)
ODL × HM 0.019 (0.079)   0.051 (0.102)  
On-the-job training (OJT) 0.129*** (0.035)0.046 (0.039)0.130*** (0.036) 0.089* (0.035)0.116** (0.039)0.086* (0.034)
OJT × HM  0.203*** (0.060)   −0.071 (0.052) 
Seminars or workshops (SW) 0.146*** (0.040)0.149*** (0.040)0.100+ (0.053) 0.154*** (0.045)0.153*** (0.044)0.081 (0.055)
SW × HM    0.107 (0.083)   0.193** (0.072)
Constant2.140*** (0.166)2.099*** (0.167)2.141*** (0.167)2.111*** (0.165)2.074*** (0.257)2.062*** (0.258)2.033*** (0.249)2.110*** (0.255)
Observation4,6074,5884,5884,5882,3322,3292,3292,329
R-squared0.621***0.621***0.624***0.621***0.720***0.720***0.721***0.723***
Note(s):

***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05; +p < 0.1. Demographic and job characteristics and country dummies were controlled

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