Table 1

Classification table for study type, first and last mode of transport and country of publication

ReferenceStudy typeFirst mode of transportLast mode of transportCountry of publication
1. Alessandrini et al. (2012) QualitativeTrainTruckItaly
2. Allen et al. (2012) QualitativeVan/TruckTruck/VanUK
3. Andrejić and Jeremić (2019) QualitativeUnspecifiedOn footSerbia
4. Bajec and Tuljak-Suban (2024) QuantitativeUnspecifiedUnspecifiedSlovenia
5. Bakioglu (2025a) QuantitativeUnspecifiedUnspecifiedGermany
6. Bakioglu (2025b) QuantitativeTrainUnspecifiedCanada
7. Batarlienė and Bazaras (2023) QuantitativeBusPrivate carLithuania
8. Binetti, Caggiani, Camporeale, and Ottomanelli (2019) QuantitativeBicycleBicycleItaly
9. Bortolini et al. (2022) MixedPrivate carBicycleItaly
10. Bosona (2020) QualitativeUnspecifiedUnspecifiedSweden
11. Buldeo Rai et al. (2017) QualitativePrivate carBicycleBelgium
12. Carbon et al. (2021) QualitativePrivate carBicycle/On footItaly
13. Cebeci et al. (2023) QualitativePrivate carMotorbike/ScooterNetherlands
14. Chen et al. (2019) QuantitativeMotorbikeMotorbike/ScooterChina
15. Cheng et al. (2022) QuantitativeVan/TruckMotorbike/ScooterDenmark
16. Cheng et al. (2024) QuantitativeVan/TruckMotorbike/ScooterDenmark
17. Crainic et al. (2009) QuantitativeTrainMotorbike/ScooterCanada
18. Cramer and Fikar (2024) QualitativePrivate carBicycleAustria
19. Cramer and Fikar (2025) QuantitativeUnspecifiedMotorbike/ScooterAustria
20. de Oliveira Leite Nascimento, Gatta, and Marcucci (2023) QualitativeUnspecifiedPrivate carBrazil
21. Devari, Nikolaev, and He (2017) QuantitativePrivate carPrivate carUSA
22. Derse and Van Woensel (2024) QualitativeBusBicycleNetherlands
23. El Amrani et al. (2024) QualitativeTrainOn footMorocco
24. El Moussaoui et al. (2022) QualitativeUnspecifiedUnspecifiedMorocco
25. Elbert and Rentschler (2021) QualitativeVan/TruckOn footGermany
26. Frehe et al. (2017) QualitativePrivate carPrivate carGermany
27. Gatta et al. (2019) QuantitativeBusPrivate carItaly
28. Gdowska, Viana, and Pedroso (2018) QuantitativeVan/TruckMotorbike/ScooterPortugal
29. Gholamizadeh et al. (2022) QualitativeTrainMotorbike/ScooterIran
30. Karakikes and Nathanail (2022) QuantitativeVan/TruckVanGreece
31. Kourounioti et al. (2021) MixedVan/TruckMotorbike/ScooterEU
32. Le et al. (2019) MixedTrainMotorbike/ScooterEU
33. Lin, Nishiki, and Tavasszy (2020) MixedBicycleBicycleNetherlands
34. Maleki et al. (2025) MixedTrainOn footSwitzerland
35. Marinov et al. (2013) MixedTrainMotorbike/ScooterEU
36. Masson et al. (2017) QuantitativeVan/TruckVanFrance
37. Melo and Baptista (2017) QuantitativeBicycleBicyclePortugal
38. Mladenow et al. (2016) QualitativePrivate carOn footAustria
39. Mohri, Nassir, Thompson, Lavieri, and Ghaderi (2025) quantitativeBusOn footAustria
40. Mohri et al. (2023) QualitativeUnspecifiedUnspecifiedIran
41. Naganawaetal. (2025) MixedVan/TruckPrivate carJapan
42. Odong (2017) QualitativeUnspecifiedMotorbike/ScooterFinland
43. Rougès and Montreuil (2014) QualitativeUnspecifiedPrivate carCanada
44. Samad et al. (2023) QualitativeUnspecifiedMotorbike/ScooterMalaysia
45. Sárdi (2022) QuantitativeVan/TruckMotorbike/ScooterHungary
46. Seng et al. (2023) QuantitativePrivate carMotorbike/ScooterSingapore
47. Serafini et al. (2018) QuantitativeTrainMotorbike/ScooterItaly
48. Tadić, Veljović, and Zečević (2022) QualitativePrivate carOn footSerbia
49. Wicaksono, Lin, and Tavasszy (2022) QuantitativePrivate carBicycleNetherlands
50. Yang et al. (2023) MixedPrivate carBicycle/On footChina
Source(s): Authors’ elaboration
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