Table 2

Classification table for qualitative papers

ReferenceStudy typeResearch objectivesTechnology usedSustainability benefitsIntegration focusIntegration barriersStudy limitations
1. Alessandrini et al. (2012) ConceptualSustainability and freight optimizationNot explicitly specifyEnvironmental benefits focusFreight multi modal integrationInfrastructure limit and Stakeholders Coordinationmultimodal integration
2. Allen et al. (2012) Literature reviewConceptual Framework and urban logistics systemMixed-type technologyEconomic benefits focusUrban last-mile integrationInfrastructure limit and Stakeholders CoordinationNarrow scope (Last-mile)
3. Andrejić and Jeremić (2019) ConceptualConceptualization and business model developmentNot explicitly specifyTriple bottom line benefitsFreight sustainability integrationRegulatory uncertaintyTheoretical focus
4. Bosona (2020) Systematic reviewConceptual Framework and urban logistics systemAlgorithmic optimization social networkTriple benefits aspectsUrban last-mile integrationAll Aspects of BarriersNarrow scope (last-mile)
5. Buldeo Rai et al. (2017) ConceptualSustainability and freight optimizationMixed-type technologyTriple bottom line benefitsFreight sustainability integrationAll Aspects of BarriersNarrow scope (Last-mile)
6. Carbon et al. (2021) ConceptualConceptual Framework and Value Co-CreationMixed-type technologyTriple bottom line benefitsFreight sustainability integrationAll Aspects of BarriersTheoretical focus
7. Cramer and Fikar (2024) Systematic reviewSustainability and freight optimizationMixed-type technologyTriple bottom line benefitsIntegrate with traditional logisticsLack of Stakeholders CoordinationTheoretical focus
8. de Oliveira Leite Nascimento et al. (2023) literature reviewConceptualization and business model developmentMixed-type technologyEnvironmental benefits focusIntegrate with traditional logisticsAll aspects of barriersTheoretical focus
9. Derse and Van Woensel (2024 Systematic literature reviewConceptual framework and urban logistics systemMixed-type technologyTriple bottom line benefitsFreight sustainability integrationAll aspects of barriersTheoretical focus
10. El Amrani et al. (2024) Systematic reviewSustainability and freight optimizationMixed-type technologyTriple bottom line benefitsFreight sustainability integrationAll aspects of barriersDeveloping nation focus
11. Elbert and Rentschler (2021) Systematic reviewConceptual framework and urban logistics systemNot explicitly
Specify		Environmental benefitsFreight multimodal integrationAll aspects of barriersMultimodal integration
12. El Moussaoui et al. (2022) Literature reviewSustainability and freight optimizationMixed-type technologyTriple bottom line benefitsUrban last-mile integrationInfrastructure limitation and coordinationDeveloping nation. Focus
13. Frehe et al. (2017) Case basedConceptualization and business model developmentMixed-type technologyTriple bottom line benefitsFreight sustainability integrationAll aspects of barriersTheoretical focus
14. Gholamizadeh et al. (2022) ConceptualSustainability and freight optimizationDigital platformTriple bottom line benefitsFreight sustainability integrationNot explicitly specifyTheoretical focus
15. Mladenow et al. (2016) ConceptualSustainability and freight optimizationMixed-type technologyEnvironmental benefits focusUrban last-mile integrationTrust and reliabilityTheoretical focus
16. Mohri et al. (2023) Systematic reviewConceptual framework and urban logistics systemDigital platform and mobile appTriple bottom line benefitsUrban last-mile integrationAll aspects of barriersTheoretical focus
17. Odong (2017) Multiple
Case based		Conceptualization and business model developmentMixed-type technologyTriple bottom line benefitsUrban last-mile integrationAll aspects of barriersNarrow scope (last-mile)
18. Rougès and Montreuil (2014) Case basedConceptual framework and value co-creationMixed-type technologyTriple bottom line benefitsFreight sustainability integrationAll aspects of barriersTheoretical focus
19. Samad et al. (2023 ConceptualSustainability and freight optimizationMixed-type technologyTriple bottom line benefitsFreight sustainability integrationRegulatory uncertaintyTheoretical focus
20. Tadić et al. (2022) Case basedSustainability and freight optimizationDigital platform and mobile appTriple bottom line benefitsUrban last-mile integrationAll aspects of barriersAfrican study
Source(s): Authors’ elaboration
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