Table 1

Variable measurement

Variable(s)ProxiesSource
Dependent variable (economic performance)
Labor Productivity

  • Employment rate

  • Labor force participation

World Bank Indicators
Economic Growth

  • GDP growth

  • Inflation

World Bank Indicators
Moderator variables
Smart Government Index

  • Government transparency

  • Quality of public services

  • Regulatory framework effectiveness

Worldwide Governance Indicators
Independent variables
Digitalization Index

  • Individuals using Internet

  • Fixed broadband subscriptions

  • Secure internet servers

  • Digital payment penetration

World Bank Indicators
Trade OpennessImport and export, % of GDPWorld Bank Indicators
Oil PricesOil rents of GDPWorld Bank Indicators
Source(s): World Bank Indicators; Worldwide Governance Indicators
[ViewLarge]
This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only

or Create an Account

Close subscription notice
Close access options