Table 2 Descriptive statistics Variable... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Descriptive statistics

Variable	Obs	Mean	Std. dev.	Min	Max
Trade Openness	96	1.10e+11	1.08e+11	1.14e+10	4.82e+11
Oil Prices	96	25.54964	12.84346	6.695589	58.36893
Smart Gov. Index	96	−2.24e−09	1.135164	−1.524612	3.900796
Digitalization Index	96	3.47e−09	1.112362	−2.481323	3.695066
Economic Growth	96	2.76e−10	1.012931	−1.334914	2.963958
Labor Productivity	96	−1.94e−09	1.28603	−2.590559	2.332146

Variable	Obs	Mean	Std. dev.	Min	Max
Trade Openness	96	1.10e+11	1.08e+11	1.14e+10	4.82e+11
Oil Prices	96	25.54964	12.84346	6.695589	58.36893
Smart Gov. Index	96	−2.24e−09	1.135164	−1.524612	3.900796
Digitalization Index	96	3.47e−09	1.112362	−2.481323	3.695066
Economic Growth	96	2.76e−10	1.012931	−1.334914	2.963958
Labor Productivity	96	−1.94e−09	1.28603	−2.590559	2.332146

Source(s): Authors’ calculations using World Bank (2024) and Worldwide Governance Indicators (2024)