Table 2

Research infrastructure and industry collaboration: a literature review

DimensionsDescription
Collaboration typologiesTechnological procurement; full service, complementary, instrument-service, and peer collaborations; pre-competitive and collaborative projects; public-private partnership; university incubator model; value added model
BarriersFinancial and technological risks; Project cyclicity; Cultural misalignment and diverging objectives. Complexity in aligning timelines. Intellectual property disputes and contention. Sector-specific regulatory issues
EnablersAccess to sophisticated experimental facilities. Mutual trust. Shared decision-making. Cross-functional teams. University entrepreneurship. Shared revenue and business models. Government policies
KTT MechanismsOpen data access. Publication. Workshops, seminars, and training programs. Pre-competitive collaboration. Research projects. Licensing and sale of Intellectual Property. Patenting. Consultancy services. Spin-off
Outcome and ImpactIncremental and breakthrough innovations. Patents. Market diversification
New learning and technical competences. Stable and long-term partnerships
Firm competitiveness (revenue and profit). Regional economic growth
Public policy formulation. Environmental sustainability
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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