Table 3.

Conceptual comparison between the presented AR-assisted HRC workflow and SLAM-based autonomous systems in bricklaying tasks

DimensionAR-Assisted HRC workflow (this study)SLAM-Based/fully autonomous system
Primary objectiveSupport human-guided spatial coordination and task-level robotic executionEnable autonomous navigation and localisation
Level of autonomyLow–moderate (human-in-the-loop)High (fully or semi-autonomous)
Localisation approachAR-based spatial anchoring using low-fidelity visual markersSensor fusion (LiDAR, vision) with SLAM
Setup complexityLow; rapid deployment with minimal calibrationHigh; requires environment mapping and calibration
Hardware requirementsAR-HMD, visual markers, standard cobotLiDAR, high-precision sensors, mobile base
Initial investment costRelatively lowHigh
Operator expertise requiredSuitable for non-specialist operatorsRequires trained personnel
Typical application focusModular assembly, relocation-heavy workflowsContinuous autonomous navigation
Intended role in construction workflowsComplementary to existing infrastructureOften aims to replace manual processes

or Create an Account

Close Modal
Close Modal