Descriptives of the variables
| Variable | n | Mean | 5% trimmed mean | Median | Std. deviation | Skewness | Kurtosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family managers (%) | 14,072 | 74.8% | 76.5% | 88.9% | 28.2% | −0.55 | −1.17 |
| Family ownership (%) | 14,047 | 89.3% | 90.9% | 100.0% | 18.7% | −1.36 | 0.09 |
| Female managers (%) | 14,978 | 32.2% | 30.2% | 25.0% | 35.4% | 0.78 | −0.70 |
| Number of employees | 15,952 | 28.27 | 25.05 | 19.00 | 23.67 | 2.18 | 5.09 |
| Firm age (years) | 14,834 | 20.34 | 19.73 | 19.00 | 11.62 | 3.72 | 31.29 |
| P/L before tax (th EUR) | 14,683 | 182.03 | 136.94 | 67.95 | 529.22 | 48.19 | 4160.72 |
| Shareholders funds (th EUR) | 15,953 | 791.53 | 608.56 | 335.73 | 1611.62 | 3.19 | 23.43 |
| Sales (th EUR) | 15,274 | 2,163.45 | 1,942.18 | 1,428.73 | 2,125.23 | 1.50 | 1.95 |
| ROE using Net income | 13,687 | 19.91 | 22.56 | 17.67 | 72.93 | −2.15 | 58.92 |
| ROA using Profit (Loss) before tax | 14,477 | 11.41 | 11.57 | 8.72 | 22.50 | −0.22 | 3.88 |
| Profit margin | 14,438 | 7.22 | 6.63 | 4.86 | 11.74 | 1.36 | 5.54 |
| Solvency ratio (Liability based) | 5,871 | 46.97 | 46.68 | 45.15 | 27.93 | 0.15 | −1.11 |
| Solvency ratio (Asset based) | 14,664 | 50.59 | 52.53 | 54.36 | 31.26 | −0.99 | 1.71 |
| Current ratio | 14,552 | 2.78 | 2.37 | 1.78 | 2.90 | 2.65 | 8.44 |
| Variable | Mean | 5% trimmed mean | Median | Std. deviation | Skewness | Kurtosis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family managers (%) | 14,072 | 74.8% | 76.5% | 88.9% | 28.2% | −0.55 | −1.17 |
| Family ownership (%) | 14,047 | 89.3% | 90.9% | 100.0% | 18.7% | −1.36 | 0.09 |
| Female managers (%) | 14,978 | 32.2% | 30.2% | 25.0% | 35.4% | 0.78 | −0.70 |
| Number of employees | 15,952 | 28.27 | 25.05 | 19.00 | 23.67 | 2.18 | 5.09 |
| Firm age (years) | 14,834 | 20.34 | 19.73 | 19.00 | 11.62 | 3.72 | 31.29 |
| P/L before tax (th EUR) | 14,683 | 182.03 | 136.94 | 67.95 | 529.22 | 48.19 | 4160.72 |
| Shareholders funds (th EUR) | 15,953 | 791.53 | 608.56 | 335.73 | 1611.62 | 3.19 | 23.43 |
| Sales (th EUR) | 15,274 | 2,163.45 | 1,942.18 | 1,428.73 | 2,125.23 | 1.50 | 1.95 |
| ROE using Net income | 13,687 | 19.91 | 22.56 | 17.67 | 72.93 | −2.15 | 58.92 |
| ROA using Profit (Loss) before tax | 14,477 | 11.41 | 11.57 | 8.72 | 22.50 | −0.22 | 3.88 |
| Profit margin | 14,438 | 7.22 | 6.63 | 4.86 | 11.74 | 1.36 | 5.54 |
| Solvency ratio (Liability based) | 5,871 | 46.97 | 46.68 | 45.15 | 27.93 | 0.15 | −1.11 |
| Solvency ratio (Asset based) | 14,664 | 50.59 | 52.53 | 54.36 | 31.26 | −0.99 | 1.71 |
| Current ratio | 14,552 | 2.78 | 2.37 | 1.78 | 2.90 | 2.65 | 8.44 |
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