Table A2

Detailed results of alternative cluster models

ModelCluster numberCluster nameShare of itemsFamily managerFamily shareEmployeesFemale managersAgeSilhouette score
2 cluster model1Mature and balanced governance FFs69.5%57.4%64.5%40.7929.5%23.010.3
2Family-dominated FFs30.5%78.7%99.3%22.7833.0%18.14
3 cluster model1Mature and diversified FFs29.5%56.9%63.7%40.6329.3%23.070.4
2Family-owned, mixed-managed FFs43.0%66.2%99.1%22.3352.7%0.1863
3Family-dominated FFs27.5%97.9%99.3%0.24372.4%17.49
4 cluster model1Co-owned and co-managed FFs21.4%55.0%56.7%22.1429.6%19.720.4
2Co-managed FFs42.0%66.2%99.2%21.5852.8%18.62
3Mature FFs9.9%65.1%84.2%83.3528.5%29.65
4Male-managed and family-dominated FFs26.7%97.9%99.5%0.23272.4%17.41
6 cluster model1Balanced co-owned and co-managed family business20.3%55.2%55.9%21.629.7%19.750.5
2Female-managed and strongly family-owned business18.2%91.0%99.2%20.2381.5%17.39
3Family-owned, co-managed business25.2%47.1%98.5%22.6629.1%19.28
4Large and mature family business9.6%66.2%83.2%86.3228.6%22.63
5Very old and mature family business0.9%74.7%89.8%38.232.2%100.51
6Male-managed and family-dominated business25.8%98.8%99.5%22.742.7%17.64
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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